Polysaccharide Localization in the Cell Wall of Porphyra leucosticta (Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta) during the Life Cycle

Baldan, Barbara; Andolfo, P; Culoso, F.; Tripodi, Gianluca; Mariani, Paolina

doi:10.1515/botm.1995.38.1-6.31

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…form a nonrigid cell wall that plays an important role in osmotic acclimation by allowing dramatic changes in cell volume without plasmolysis (85,86). The skeletal component of the cell wall of blade cells is not cellulose but partially crystalline β-1,4-linked mannan in the outer cell wall, with a highly crystalline inner layer of β-1,3-linked xylan (87,88). We discovered two glycosyltransferase (GT2) enzymes (Fig.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the red algae and eukaryotic evolution from the genome of Porphyra umbilicalis (Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta)

Brawley¹,

Blouin²,

Ficko-Blean³

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

238

222

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Porphyra umbilicalis (laver) belongs to an ancient group of red algae (Bangiophyceae), is harvested for human food, and thrives in the harsh conditions of the upper intertidal zone. Here we present the 87.7-Mbp haploid Porphyra genome (65.8% G + C content, 13,125 gene loci) and elucidate traits that inform our understanding of the biology of red algae as one of the few multicellular eukaryotic lineages. Novel features of the Porphyra genome shared by other red algae relate to the cytoskeleton, calcium signaling, the cell cycle, and stress-tolerance mechanisms including photoprotection. Cytoskeletal motor proteins in Porphyra are restricted to a small set of kinesins that appear to be the only universal cytoskeletal motors within the red algae. Dynein motors are absent, and most red algae, including Porphyra, lack myosin. This surprisingly minimal cytoskeleton offers a potential explanation for why red algal cells and multicellular structures are more limited in size than in most multicellular lineages. Additional discoveries further relating to the stress tolerance of bangiophytes include ancestral enzymes for sulfation of the hydrophilic galactan-rich cell wall, evidence for mannan synthesis that originated before the divergence of green and red algae, and a high capacity for nutrient uptake. Our analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the red algae, which are both commercially important and have played a major role in the evolution of other algal groups through secondary endosymbioses.cytoskeleton | calcium-signaling | carbohydrate-active enzymes | stress tolerance | vitamin B 12T he red algae are one of the founding groups of photosynthetic eukaryotes (Archaeplastida) and among the few multicellular lineages within Eukarya. A red algal plastid, acquired through secondary endosymbiosis, supports carbon fixation, fatty acid synthesis, and other metabolic needs in many other algal groups in ways that are consequential. For example, diatoms and haptophytes have strong biogeochemical effects; apicomplexans cause human disease (e.g., malaria); and dinoflagellates include both coral symbionts and toxin-producing "red tides" (1). The evolutionary processes that produced the Archaeplastida and secondary algal lineages remain under investigation (2-5), but it is clear that both nuclear and plastid genes from the ancestral red algae have contributed dramatically to broader eukaryotic evolution and diversity. Consequently, the imprint of red algal metabolism on the Earth's climate system, aquatic foodwebs, and

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the red algae and eukaryotic evolution from the genome of Porphyra umbilicalis (Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta)

Brawley¹,

Blouin²,

Ficko-Blean³

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

238

222

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“…Baldan et al (1995) localized cellulose in Porphyra walls with specific enzyme affinity cytochemistry. They found cellulose only in the inner wall of the conchocelis phase, but xylan instead in the inner wall of the gametophytic phase.…”

Section: Variability In Red Algal Wall Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Biology in Red Algae: Divide and Conquer

Vreeland¹,

Kloareg²

2000

J Phycol

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“…The diversity and evolution of algal terminal complexes, the membrane‐bound cellulose synthesizing complexes, was reviewed by Tsekos (1999). Baldan et al (1995) localized cellulose in Porphyra walls with specific enzyme affinity cytochemistry. They found cellulose only in the inner wall of the conchocelis phase, but xylan instead in the inner wall of the gametophytic phase.…”

Section: Variability In Red Algal Wall Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%