Polysaccharides, Total Phenolic, and Flavonoid Content from Different Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Genotypes and Their Antioxidants and Antibacterial Properties

Abstract

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a valuable plant with a potential health benefit because of its extensive bioactive compounds. Leaf extracts of 33 kenaf genotypes were investigated for their polysaccharide, total phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays. Antimicrobial capacity was also assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using a disc diffusion assay. The polysaccharide content varied from 6.45–16.12 mg glucose per g DW. Total phenolic and flavonoid content ranged from 6.03–21.15 mg GAE/g DW and 1.55–9.24 mg RE/g DW, respectively. Similarly, varied values in the range 20.55–79.99% of inhibition by DPPH, 56.28–88.30% of inhibition by ABTS and 1.26–5.08 mmol Fe2+/g DW by FRAP assays were obtained for antioxidants of the genotype extracts. Extracts from CS4 and CS2 genotypes had the highest antioxidant activities. Kenaf leaves exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Strong correlation was found between antioxidant activity with polysaccharide (DPPH, r = 0.893; ABTS, r = 0.819; FRAP, r = 0.864) and total phenolic content (DPPH, r = 0.850; ABTS, r = 0.959; FRAP, r = 0.953). The results suggested that the kenaf leaves could be used as a natural antioxidants and antimicrobial in food industries.

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Various Organic Extracts from Apocynum hendersonii (Hook.f.) Woodson

“…Interestingly, polysaccharide contents correlated strongly with FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS with correlation coefficient values of 0.97, 0.92, and 0.79, respectively. A strong correlation was previously reported between polysaccharide content and total phenolic with antioxidant capacity [ 3 ].…”

“…Many studies have linked plants’ antioxidants and other medicinal properties or their extracts to their polyphenols, principally phenol and flavonoids [ 4 ]. The antioxidant property of A. hendersonii leaf extracts could have been due to multiple effects of all the bioactive components investigated, as each has a strong antioxidant capacity [ 3 , 23 , 37 ]. This confirms the species’ excellent nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical potential.…”

“…According to a previous report [ 3 ], five different solvents comprising ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol, and water were used for the extraction process. The sample-to-solvent ratio was 1:10.…”

“…Bioactive plant materials, such as flavonoids, phenols, polysaccharides, and terpenoids, have tremendous biological applications and have been exploited as medicine, cosmetics, and food additives [ 2 ]. Polyphenols and polysaccharides have been reported to have exhibited therapeutic action against oxidative stress scavenging on free radicals [ 3 , 4 ]. Free radicals are generated in living cells as a product of metabolism or due to endogenous and environmental factors [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Comparative Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Provides New Insights Into the Mechanism of Protein Synthesis in Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Leaves

“…In addition, in production practice, kenaf has the characteristics of fast growth and large biomass and can be used as livestock feed. Kenaf has fast growth speed, contains flavonoids and polyphenols, exhibits strong insect resistance, and does not need to apply insecticides, which are natural green protein feeds ( Swingle et al, 1978 ; Birhanie et al, 2021 ). With the rapid development of animal husbandry and breeding in China, the feed industry has also emerged.…”