Polystyrene nanoparticles affect the innate immune system of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri

Bergami, Elisa; Emerenciano, Andrews Krupinski; González-Aravena, Marcelo; Cárdenas, César; Hernández, Pedro P.; Silva, J. R. M. C.; Corsi, Ilaria

doi:10.1007/s00300-019-02468-6

Cited by 78 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Secondary characterization in Antarctic NSW (salinity 34 and pH 8.0) revealed the initial formation of PS nano-scale agglomerates in NSW at 0 • C, increasing over time until an average of 835 and 452 nm, for PS-COOH and PS-NH 2 NPs respectively. Additionally, when PS NP suspensions were incubated at −20 • C for 12 h, broad size distributions were found, with a higher effect observed for positively charged PS-NH 2 (Bergami et al, 2019). On the contrary, the same batch of PS-COOH quickly reached micrometer agglomerates in filtered NSW from the Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean region, salinity 38 and pH 8.3) at temperatures ranging from 18 • C (Della Torre et al, 2014) to 25 • C (Bergami et al, 2016).…”

Section: Ps Np Behavior In Seawater Mediamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In polar marine environments, additional factors, such as the low sea surface temperature (below 0 • C) and the interaction with sea ice may play an important role in determining the behavior and fate of anthropogenic NPs, although they have been poorly studied. Bergami et al (2019) measured the size parameters of functionalized PS NPs in NSW collected from a coastal region in the maritime Antarctic. Secondary characterization in Antarctic NSW (salinity 34 and pH 8.0) revealed the initial formation of PS nano-scale agglomerates in NSW at 0 • C, increasing over time until an average of 835 and 452 nm, for PS-COOH and PS-NH 2 NPs respectively.…”

Section: Ps Np Behavior In Seawater Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, trophic transfer of plain PS NPs of different sizes (30, 100, and 500 nm) from mussels to the crab Carcinus maenas has been demonstrated under laboratory conditions (Farrell and Nelson, 2013). Some studies reported the ability of PS NPs to translocate from the hemolymph to target tissues in benthic invertebrates (Farrell and Nelson, 2013) in a size-dependent manner, with 50 nm of PS NPs more internalized by hemocytes than larger particles (Sendra et al, 2019a), taken up in immune cells, and cause oxidative stress, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity (Canesi et al, 2015;Brandts et al, 2018;Bergami et al, 2019;Ciacci et al, 2019;Sendra et al, 2019a). In a recent study on the benthic foraminifer Ammonia parkinsoniana, plain PS NPs tested at a concentration of 1 µg ml −1 were internalized in the single-cell marine eukaryotes within 24 h, enhancing freeradical production and accumulation of intracellular neutral lipids (Ciacci et al, 2019).…”

Section: Effects On Marine Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study on the benthic foraminifer Ammonia parkinsoniana, plain PS NPs tested at a concentration of 1 µg ml −1 were internalized in the single-cell marine eukaryotes within 24 h, enhancing freeradical production and accumulation of intracellular neutral lipids (Ciacci et al, 2019). Furthermore, one study available on the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri (Bergami et al, 2019) reported the sensitivity of this polar benthic species to anthropogenic NPs, by investigating the effects of two functionalized PS NPs (at 1 and 5 µg ml −1 ) on sea urchin coelomocytes following in vitro short-term exposure. PS-COOH NPs were able to induce an inflammatory response, with the modulation of genes having a role against oxidative stress and apoptosis, while a toxicity threshold was likely reached for PS-NH 2 NPs under the same experimental conditions.…”

Section: Effects On Marine Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavior and Bio-Interactions of Anthropogenic Particles in Marine Environment for a More Realistic Ecological Risk Assessment

Corsi

Bergami

Grassi

2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Owing to production, usage, and disposal of nano-enabled products as well as fragmentation of bulk materials, anthropogenic nanoscale particles (NPs) can enter the natural environment and through different compartments (air, soil, and water) end up into the sea. With the continuous increase in production and associated emissions and discharges, they can reach concentrations able to exceed toxicity thresholds for living species inhabiting marine coastal areas. Behavior and fate of NPs in marine waters are driven by transformation processes occurring as a function of NP intrinsic and extrinsic properties in the receiving seawaters. All those aspects have been overlooked in ecological risk assessment. This review critically reports ecotoxicity studies in which size distribution, surface charges and bio−nano interactions have been considered for a more realistic risk assessment of NPs in marine environment. Two emerging and relevant NPs, the metal-based titanium dioxide (TiO 2), and polystyrene (PS), a proxy for nanoplastics, are reviewed, and their impact on marine biota (from planktonic species to invertebrates and fish) is discussed as a function of particle size and surface charges (negative vs. positive), which affect their behavior and interaction with the biological material. Uptake of NPs is related to their nanoscale size; however, in vivo studies clearly demonstrated that transformation (agglomerates/aggregates) occurring in both artificial and natural seawater drive to different exposure routes and biological responses at cellular and organism level. Adsorption of single particles or agglomerates onto the body surface or their internalization in feces can impair motility and affect sinking or floating behavior with consequences on populations and ecological function. Particle complex dynamics in natural seawater is almost unknown, although it determines the effective exposure scenarios. Based on the latest predicted environmental concentrations for TiO 2 and PS NPs in the marine environment, current knowledge gaps and future research challenges encompass the comprehensive study of bio−nano interactions. As such, the analysis of NP biomolecular coronas can enable a better assessment of particle uptake and related cellular pathways leading to toxic effects. Moreover, the formation of an environmentally derived corona (i.e., eco-corona) in seawater accounts for NP physical-chemical alterations, rebounding on interaction with living organisms and toxicity.

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Section: Ps Np Behavior In Seawater Mediamentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Ps Np Behavior In Seawater Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects On Marine Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects On Marine Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Behavior and Bio-Interactions of Anthropogenic Particles in Marine Environment for a More Realistic Ecological Risk Assessment

Corsi

Bergami

Grassi

2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Nanoplastics can be derived from fragmentation of microplastics and larger plastic debris (15)(16)(17). Amino-modified nanopolystyrene (PS-NH 2 ) has been recently used as a model to study the effects of nanoplastics on marine invertebrates (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). The effects of PS-NH 2 (50 nm) have been investigated on Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes in vitro (24 and references quoted therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift in Immune Parameters After Repeated Exposure to Nanoplastics in the Marine Bivalve Mytilus

et al. 2020

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Bivalves are widespread in coastal environments subjected to a wide range of environmental fluctuations: however, the rapidly occurring changes due to several anthropogenic factors can represent a significant threat to bivalve immunity. The mussel Mytilus spp. has extremely powerful immune defenses toward different potential pathogens and contaminant stressors. In particular, the mussel immune system represents a significant target for different types of nanoparticles (NPs), including amino-modified nanopolystyrene (PS-NH 2) as a model of nanoplastics. In this work, the effects of repeated exposure to PS-NH 2 on immune responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis were investigated after a first exposure (10 µg/L; 24 h), followed by a resting period (72-h depuration) and a second exposure (10 µg/L; 24 h). Functional parameters were measured in hemocytes, serum, and whole hemolymph samples. In hemocytes, transcription of selected genes involved in proliferation/apoptosis and immune response was evaluated by qPCR. First exposure to PS-NH 2 significantly affected hemocyte mitochondrial and lysosomal parameters, serum lysozyme activity, and transcription of proliferation/apoptosis markers; significant upregulation of extrapallial protein precursor (EPp) and downregulation of lysozyme and mytilin B were observed. The results of functional hemocyte parameters indicate the occurrence of stress conditions that did not however result in changes in the overall bactericidal activity. After the second exposure, a shift in hemocyte subpopulations, together with reestablishment of basal functional parameters and of proliferation/apoptotic markers, was observed. Moreover, hemolymph bactericidal activity, as well as transcription of five out of six immune-related genes, all codifying for secreted proteins, was significantly increased. The results indicate an overall shift in immune parameters that may act as compensatory mechanisms to maintain immune homeostasis after a second encounter with PS-NH 2 .

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Nanoplastics in Urban Waters

Corsi¹,

Bergami²,

Allan³

et al. 2022

Microplastics in Urban Water Management

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Polystyrene nanoparticles affect the innate immune system of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri

Cited by 78 publications

References 100 publications

Behavior and Bio-Interactions of Anthropogenic Particles in Marine Environment for a More Realistic Ecological Risk Assessment

Behavior and Bio-Interactions of Anthropogenic Particles in Marine Environment for a More Realistic Ecological Risk Assessment

Shift in Immune Parameters After Repeated Exposure to Nanoplastics in the Marine Bivalve Mytilus

Nanoplastics in Urban Waters

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