Polythiophene blends and composites as potential energy storage materials

Shindalkar, Sarang Subhashchandra; Reddy, Moulishwar; Singh, Rajesh; Nainar, Mohamed Ansari Mohamed; Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2023.117467

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 96 publications

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“…Since p-doped polyacetylene with an electrical conductivity comparable to that of metal was first discovered in 1977 by Heeger, MacDiarmid and Shirakawa [ 1 ], organic polymers have not been considered as insulators. Accordingly, a series of conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) [ 2 , 3 ], polypyrrole (PPy) [ 4 , 5 ], polythiophene (PT) [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] and their derivatives have emerged. Typical conducting polymers are illustrated in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Prospects in the Study of Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes as a Dopant for Conducting Polymers

2024

Molecules

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Owing to their special structure and excellent physical and chemical properties, conducting polymers have attracted increasing attention in materials science. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the comprehensive performance of conducting polymers by using the technique of “doping.” Spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) bearing polyelectrolyte chains grafted densely to the surface of core particles have the potential to be novel dopant of conducting polymers not only because of their spherical structure, high grafting density and high charge density, but also due to the possibility of their being applied in printed electronics. This review first presents a summary of the general dopants of conducting polymers. Meanwhile, conducting polymers doped with spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) is highlighted, including the preparation, characterization, performance and doping mechanism. It is demonstrated that comprehensive performance of conducting polymers has improved with the addition of SPBs, which act as template and dopant in the synthesis of composites. Furthermore, the applications and future developments of conductive composites are also briefly reviewed and proposed, which would draw more attention to this field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Prospects in the Study of Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes as a Dopant for Conducting Polymers

2024

Molecules

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Algae‐Derived Precursors for Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Storage

Dongre,

Varma,

Parthasarathy

et al. 2024

Energy Tech

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The simple production and harvesting of algae, along with its lower environmental impact and fewer geopolitical issues, make it a viable precursor for electrochemical energy storage devices. Algae represent a promising biomaterial for electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage devices, including hard carbon, sol–gel‐based anode batteries, sodium batteries, oxygen reduction reaction catalysts in zinc–air batteries, and cathode materials in zinc‐ion and lithium‐ion batteries. Algae‐based batteries are fabricated using methods like pyrolysis, hydrothermal processes, agar‐aided dissolution, electrolysis, annealing, and sol–gel methods. Among these, the sol–gel method using agar to construct refillable hydrogel batteries stands out. Agar's compatibility with acetylene black enhances electrochemical properties and offers the advantage of refill ability, which is challenging in metal‐ion batteries. Algae carbons have demonstrated enhanced specific capacity and cyclic performance, paving the way for their use in both medical and industrial applications. The article reviews the utilization of algae‐based batteries in different industrial and medical pacemaker applications as well as examines the feasibility of the operation of algae‐based batteries synthesized through various parameters and precursors.

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On the Electrochemical Properties of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)/Polythiophene Blends Doped with Lithium‐Based Salt

Kargar‐Esfandabadi,

Golshan,

Roghani‐Mamaqani

et al. 2024

Macro Materials & Eng

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In this study, polymer blends of polythiophene (PTH) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) are investigated by focusing on their structural and electrochemical characteristics. These blends displayed immiscibility confirmed through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and interaction assessments. PTH's role as a plasticizer is evident, diminishing crystallinity. A rise in PTH level led to a lower glass transition temperature and a higher melting point, suggesting reduced intermolecular forces and increased polymer chain flexibility. Conversely, a dispersed phase presence elevated the melting point, restricting chain movement and crystallization. The thermal properties of blends are enhanced by increased PTH content. Applying the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher model to ionic conductivity measurements, it observed a direct relationship between temperature and free volume, impacting conductivity and ion transport numbers. Certain materials exhibit increased activation energies, indicating substantial thermodynamic barriers to local motion. Higher PTH content within the PVDF matrix notably increased the lithium ion transfer number from 0.22 to 0.71, a change tied to the C–S–C structure of polythiophene. However, elevated PTH levels also led to diminished negative charge transfer and ionic conductivity in the PTH‐PVDF blend compared to pure PVDF, likely due to an ionic conduction hindrance.

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Polythiophene blends and composites as potential energy storage materials

Cited by 11 publications

References 96 publications

Advances and Prospects in the Study of Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes as a Dopant for Conducting Polymers

Advances and Prospects in the Study of Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes as a Dopant for Conducting Polymers

Algae‐Derived Precursors for Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Storage

On the Electrochemical Properties of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)/Polythiophene Blends Doped with Lithium‐Based Salt

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