Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation

Calder, Philip C.

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2006.05.012

Cited by 552 publications

(462 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…At the time, the relevance of lipid peroxidation to biological systems was not realized, but subsequently it was discovered that production of important lipid signalling mediators of the isoprostane family, such as prostaglandins and thromboxanes, involved enzymatically catalysed radical processes to peroxidize arachidonic acid [5,6]. This area of research has expanded hugely, as other PUFAs yield analogous products with a plethora of biological activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and analysis of HNE and other prominent carbonyl-containing lipid oxidation compounds

Sousa

Pitt

Spickett

2017

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

145

105

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The process of lipid oxidation generates a diverse array of small aldehydes and carbonyl-containing compounds, which may occur in free form or esterified within phospholipids and cholesterol esters. These aldehydes mostly result from fragmentation of fatty acyl chains following radical oxidation, and the products can be subdivided into alkanals, alkenals (usually D,β-unsaturated), γ-substituted alkenals and bis-aldehydes.Isolevuglandins are non-fragmented di-carbonyl compounds derived from H 2 -isoprostanes, and oxidation of the ω-3-fatty acid docosahexenoic acid yield analogous 22 carbon neuroketals. Non-radical oxidation by hypochlorous acid can generate D-chlorofatty aldehydes from plasmenyl phospholipids. Most of these compounds are reactive and have generally been considered as toxic products of a deleterious process. The reactivity is especially high for the D,β-unsaturated alkenals, such as acrolein and crotonaldehyde, and for γ-substituted alkenals, of which 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 4-oxo-2-nonenal are best Page | 2 known. Nevertheless, in recent years several previously neglected aldehydes have been investigated and also found to have significant reactivity and biological effects; notable examples are 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and 4-hydroxy-dodecadienal. This has led to substantial interest in the biological effects of all of these lipid oxidation products and their roles in disease, including proposals that HNE is a second messenger or signalling molecule.However, it is becoming clear that many of the effects elicited by these compounds relate to their propensity for forming adducts with nucleophilic groups on proteins, DNA and specific phospholipids. This emphasizes the need for good analytical methods, not just for free lipid oxidation products but also for the resulting adducts with biomolecules. The most informative methods are those utilizing HPLC separations and mass spectrometry, although analysis of the wide variety of possible adducts is very challenging. Nevertheless, evidence for the occurrence of lipid-derived aldehyde adducts in biological and clinical samples is building, and offers an exciting area of future research. AbbreviationsAcr-dG, 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine; AGEs, advanced glycation end-product; ALEs, advanced lipoxidation end product; ApoB100, apolipoprotein B100; ApoE, apolipoprotein E; ARP, aldehyde reactive probe; AspN, endoproteinase AspN (flavastacin); βLG, β-lactoglobulin; BHZ, biotin hydrazide; BN-PAGE, blue native polyacrylamide gel

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and analysis of HNE and other prominent carbonyl-containing lipid oxidation compounds

Sousa

Pitt

Spickett

2017

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

145

105

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“…Evidence accumulating during the last decades suggests that the genetic basis of lipid homeostasis is critically regulated by epigenetic factors, particularly nutritional imbalances. The x3/x6-PUFA ratio in the Western diet is regarded as the driving force in the development of chronic metabolic, vascular [2][3][4][5], psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity resistance and deregulation of lipogenesis in Δ6‐fatty acid desaturase ( FADS 2) deficiency

et al. 2013

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D-6-fatty acid desaturase (FADS2) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the essential structural determinants of mammalian membrane lipid-bilayers. We developed the auxotrophic fads2 À/À mouse mutant to assess the enigmatic role of x3-and x6-PUFAs in lipid homeostasis, membrane structure and function. Obesity resistance is another major phenotype of the fads2 À/À mutant, the molecular basis of which is unknown. Phospholipidomic profiling of membrane systems of fads2 À/À mice revealed diacylglycerol-structures, deprived of PUFAs but substituted with surrogate eicosa-5,11,14-trienoic acid. x6-Arachidonic (AA) and x3-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplemented diets transformed fads2 À/À into AA-fads2 À/À and DHA-fads2 À/À mutants. Severely altered phospholipid-bilayer structures of subcellular membranes of fads2 À/À liver specifically interfered with maturation of transcription factor sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein, the key regulator of lipogenesis and lipid homeostasis. This study strengthens the concept that specific PUFA-substituted membrane phospholipid species are critical constituents of the structural platform operative in lipid homeostasis in normal and disease conditions.

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“…The current change in salmonid farmed diets towards higher levels of n-6 PUFA has led to some concern that the eicosanoid cascades can change in fish affecting aspects like ion regulation and immunology. The reason is that the eicosanoids from n-6 PUFA are generally more potent than n-3 PUFA (Calder 2006). This can for example enhance severity of inflammatory responses to external stimuli like vaccination (Gil-Martens 2010) which has become a necessity in intensive aquaculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and expression of cyclooxygenases (cox1, cox2a, cox2b) and intestinal eicosanoids, in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Olsen

Svardal

Eide

et al. 2011

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Havforskningsinstituttets institusjonelle arkiv Brage IMR - Institutional repository of the Institute of Marine Research b r a g e i m rDette er forfatters siste versjon av den fagfellevurderte artikkelen, vanligvis omtalt som postprint. I Brage IMR er denne artikkelen ikke publisert med forlagets layout fordi forlaget ikke tillater dette. Du finner lenke til forlagets versjon i Brage-posten. Det anbefales at referanser til artikkelen hentes fra forlagets side. Ved lenking til artikkelen skal det lenkes til post i Brage IMR, ikke direkte til pdf-fil.This is the author's last version of the article after peer review and is not the publisher's version, usually referred to as postprint. You will find a link to the publisher's version in Brage IMR. It is recommended that you obtain the references from the publisher's site.Linking to the article should be to the Brage-record, not directly to the pdf-file. Foto: Leif NøttestadFish Physiology and Biochemistry Stress and expression of cyclooxygenases (cox1, cox2a, cox2b) and intestinal eicosanoids, in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar.--Manuscript Draft-- Abstract: Prostaglandin H synthetases (cyclooxygensases) catalyze the initial reactions leading to prostanoids in animals. They form interesting links between diet and fish physiology as the type and nature of eicosanoids are affected by dietary lipid sources. Their expression is likely to be affected by tissues and also altered environmental conditions leading to altered amount and ratio of eicosanoids. These mechanisms are however poorly understood in fish. In the present study, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (1000g, 10°C, seawater) were subjected to acute chasing stress. Liver, kidney, spleen, gill, muscle, midgut and hindgut were extracted before and 1h post stress and analyzed for mRNA expression of cox1, cox2a and cox2b. Intestinal samples were furthermore sampled over 24h for both cox expression and eicosanoid content. Results show a highly variable but consecutively expression of cox1, cox2a, cox2b in most tissues analyzed. Low levels were only found for cox2a in liver and cox2b in liver and kidney. The study reveals the general trend that cox1 is about 10 times the level of cox2b which again is about 10 times the level of cox2a. Cox2b shows the highest level of expression in the gills indicating a possible higher requirement for this protein in gills. Imposing stress to the fish induce a temporal increase in the expression of cox2a in the midgut while the gene expression of the other genes is not affected in any of the tissues analyzed. There is however a general tendency to increased expression of both cox2 genes that merits further studies. Stress had a profound effect on the intestinal eicosanoid content which showed a general decrease in midgut sections after stress that persisted for at least 24h. Response to Reviewers:We have checked the manuscript for spelling erros. For the notations of genes and proteins as suggested by the referee, we have doen the following, which is the current convention on labelling. We ...

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation

Cited by 552 publications

References 66 publications

Chemistry and analysis of HNE and other prominent carbonyl-containing lipid oxidation compounds

Chemistry and analysis of HNE and other prominent carbonyl-containing lipid oxidation compounds

Obesity resistance and deregulation of lipogenesis in Δ6‐fatty acid desaturase ( FADS 2) deficiency

Stress and expression of cyclooxygenases (cox1, cox2a, cox2b) and intestinal eicosanoids, in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

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