Pony Cecum vs. Steer Rumen: The Effect of Oats and Hay on the Microbial Ecosystem

Kern, D. L.; Slyter, L. L.; Weaver, J. M.; Leffel, E. C.; Samuelsons, G.

doi:10.2527/jas1973.372463x

Cited by 85 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the cecum, total anaerobes range between 1.85 3 10 7 and 2.65 3 10 9 c.f.u./ml, according to the literature (Kern et al, 1973 andMackie and Wilkins, 1988;Julliand et al, 2001;Medina et al, 2002;de Fombelle et al, 2003).…”

Section: Passage Ratementioning

confidence: 85%

“…It is now generally assumed that although microbial protein can be digested by microbial enzymes (Baruc et al, 1983), this microbial protein does not contribute significantly to the AA supply of the horse (Martin-Rosset and Tisserand, 2004). Kern et al (1973), Tisserand (1975, Tisserand and Masson (1976), Wolter et al (1978) and Martin-Rosset et al (1987).…”

Section: Nitrogen Metabolism In the Hindgutmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Microbiological environment It is estimated that 30% (Kern et al, 1973) to 80% (Kern et al, 1974) of the cecum and colon microbial population is strictly anaerobic. In the cecum, total anaerobes range between 1.85 3 10 7 and 2.65 3 10 9 c.f.u./ml, according to the literature (Kern et al, 1973 andMackie and Wilkins, 1988;Julliand et al, 2001;Medina et al, 2002;de Fombelle et al, 2003).…”

Section: Passage Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the equine cecum-colon ecosystem: current knowledge and future perspectives

Santos¹,

Rodrigues²,

Bessa³

et al. 2011

Animal

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Having evolved as a grazing animal, a horse's digestive physiology is characterized by rapid gastric transit, a rapid but intense enzymatic digestion along the small intestine, and a long and intense microbial fermentation in the large intestine. The process of understanding and describing feed degradation mechanisms in the equine digestive system in general, and in the hindgut ecosystem in particular, is essential. Regardless of its importance for the nutritional status of the host, the significance of the cecum-colon ecosystem has not yet been fully understood, and few reports have focused deeply on the contribution of the hindgut microbial population to the nitrogen and energy requirements of the horse. Compared to ruminal activity, very little is known about hindgut ecosystem activity in the horse. Information concerning the metabolism of this microbial population and its requirements is lacking. The use of internal bacterial markers for quantifying microbial outflow in ruminants is widely reported. These techniques can be applied to cecum-colon microbial quantification, contributing to a better characterization of this ecosystem. It is likely wrong to believe that the optimization strategy in the hindgut is similar to what happens in the rumen -that is, to maximize microbial growth and, therefore, fermentation. If we consider the type of substrate that, in normal conditions, arrives in the hindgut, we can expect it to be nitrogen limiting, providing limited nitrogen-based substrates for microbial fermentation. In this review paper, we intend to gather existing information on the equine ecosystem and to provide future perspectives of research.Keywords: horse, cecum, colon, digestive strategy ImplicationsThe process of understanding and describing degradation mechanisms in the equine digestive ecosystem in general, and in the hindgut in particular, is essential to provide information for proper feeding practices to be implemented. Regardless of its importance for the nutritional status of the host, the significance of hindgut fermentation has not yet been fully understood, and few reports have focused deeply on the contribution of the hindgut microbial population to the nitrogen and energy requirements of the horse. In this review paper, we intend to gather existing information on the equine ecosystem and to provide future perspectives of research. IntroductionHorses are free-ranging herbivores of grassland environments adapted to eat large quantities of high fiber feeds (Janis, 1976;Bennett, 1980). Nowadays, with the increase of their use in sports and leisure, many horses are housed during long periods of time and fed daily on two or three meals of forages plus concentrate. The forage component of the diet is sometimes characterized by having low-tomedium energy concentration and variable levels of fiber and protein (Micol and Martin-Rosset, 1995). This pattern of feed supply is not as expected by the horse's phylogenetic adaptation to grassland environments (Janis, 1976). These management procedures have i...

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Section: Passage Ratementioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Nitrogen Metabolism In the Hindgutmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Passage Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the equine cecum-colon ecosystem: current knowledge and future perspectives

Santos¹,

Rodrigues²,

Bessa³

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…Inúmeros estudos utilizam-se destes procedimentos em investigações envolvendo microbiota intestinal e nutrição, seja para colheita de amostras de ingesta (KERN et al, 1973, MACZULAK, et al, 1985 ou realização de biópsias de segmentos intestinais (KRUEGER et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Características do líquido peritoneal de eqüinos normais após punção cecal percutânea

2004

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“…Celle-ci est particulièrement importante dans le caecum et elle se poursuit avec une efficacité moindre dans la fraction ventrale du côlon (Kern et al, 1973 ;Kolb et Gurtler, 1971 ;Tisserand et al, 1977c (Wolter, 1975 …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Effet du mode de distribution du foin et des céréales sur l'activité cellulolytique dans le gros intestin du poney

Tisserand¹,

Pecchio²,

Rollin³

et al. 1980

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Pony Cecum vs. Steer Rumen: The Effect of Oats and Hay on the Microbial Ecosystem

Cited by 85 publications

References 18 publications

Understanding the equine cecum-colon ecosystem: current knowledge and future perspectives

Understanding the equine cecum-colon ecosystem: current knowledge and future perspectives

Características do líquido peritoneal de eqüinos normais após punção cecal percutânea

Effet du mode de distribution du foin et des céréales sur l'activité cellulolytique dans le gros intestin du poney

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