Popular Diets

Kennedy, Eileen; Bowman, Shanthy; Spence, Joseph T.; Freedman, Marjorie R.; King, Janet C.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00108-0

Cited by 148 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This means that women eating foods in amounts according to the dietary guidelines of the German Nutrition Society have a higher BMI. At first glance this finding is in contrast to studies that found a negative association between US-HEI and BMI [46,47]. At second glance, however, this may be explained by the diverging background of the indexes: While the HEI-NVS II is based on the absolute amounts recommended in the German dietary guidelines which do not consider energy intake, the US-HEI applied in the cited literature is based on food consumption and nutrient intake in relation to energy intake.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Predictors of BMI Vary along the BMI Range of German Adults - Results of the German National Nutrition Survey II

et al. 2017

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Objective: The objective of the study was to identify predictors of BMI in German adults by considering the BMI distribution and to determine whether the association between BMI and its predictors varies along the BMI distribution. Methods: The sample included 9,214 adults aged 18-80 years from the German National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II). Quantile regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between BMI and the following predictors: age, sports activities, socio-economic status (SES), healthy eating index-NVS II (HEI-NVS II), dietary knowledge, sleeping duration and energy intake as well as status of smoking, partner relationship and self-reported health. Results: Age, SES, self-reported health status, sports activities and energy intake were the strongest predictors of BMI. The important outcome of this study is that the association between BMI and its predictors varies along the BMI distribution. Especially, energy intake, health status and SES were marginally associated with BMI in normal-weight subjects; this relationships became stronger in the range of overweight, and were strongest in the range of obesity. Conclusions: Predictors of BMI and the strength of these associations vary across the BMI distribution in German adults. Consequently, to identify predictors of BMI, the entire BMI distribution should be considered.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Predictors of BMI Vary along the BMI Range of German Adults - Results of the German National Nutrition Survey II

et al. 2017

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“…Observational studies have suggested an association between self-reported vegetarian diets and weight control. [25][26][27] In fact, the results from observational studies are in agreement with our findings, but suggested an even stronger effect than shown as the diamond. RE random effect, Weight inverse variance weight, WMD weighted mean difference, CI confidence interval that documented in randomized trials.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Vegetarian Diets and Weight Reduction: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2015

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“…Higher carbohydrate (when expressed either as an absolute amount or as a percent of total daily calories) and fiber intake among vegetarians in comparison to omnivores in the present study is consistent with findings in other studies [10,39,41,42,43,44]. As these studies have been conducted in the general population, the present study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that this dietary pattern can be extended to endurance athletes as well.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Peak Torque Differences between Vegetarian and Omnivore Endurance Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016

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In spite of well-documented health benefits of vegetarian diets, less is known regarding the effects of these diets on athletic performance. In this cross-sectional study, we compared elite vegetarian and omnivore adult endurance athletes for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and strength. Twenty-seven vegetarian (VEG) and 43 omnivore (OMN) athletes were evaluated using VO2 max testing on the treadmill, and strength assessment using a dynamometer to determine peak torque for leg extensions. Dietary data were assessed using detailed seven-day food logs. Although total protein intake was lower among vegetarians in comparison to omnivores, protein intake as a function of body mass did not differ by group (1.2 ± 0.3 and 1.4 ± 0.5 g/kg body mass for VEG and OMN respectively, p = 0.220). VO2 max differed for females by diet group (53.0 ± 6.9 and 47.1 ± 8.6 mL/kg/min for VEG and OMN respectively, p < 0.05) but not for males (62.6 ± 15.4 and 55.7 ± 8.4 mL/kg/min respectively). Peak torque did not differ significantly between diet groups. Results from this study indicate that vegetarian endurance athletes’ cardiorespiratory fitness was greater than that for their omnivorous counterparts, but that peak torque did not differ between diet groups. These data suggest that vegetarian diets do not compromise performance outcomes and may facilitate aerobic capacity in athletes.

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Popular Diets

Cited by 148 publications

References 43 publications

Predictors of BMI Vary along the BMI Range of German Adults - Results of the German National Nutrition Survey II

Predictors of BMI Vary along the BMI Range of German Adults - Results of the German National Nutrition Survey II

Vegetarian Diets and Weight Reduction: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Peak Torque Differences between Vegetarian and Omnivore Endurance Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

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