Populating the brown dwarf and stellar boundary: Five stars with transiting companions near the hydrogen-burning mass limit

Grieves, Nolan; Bouchy, F.; Lendl, M.; Carmichael, Theron W.; Mireles, Ismael; Shporer, Avi; McLeod, Kim K.; Collins, Karen A.; Brahm, R.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Gill, Sam; Bouma, Luke G.; Guillot, T.; Cointepas, Marion; Santos, Leonardo A. dos; Casewell, Sarah L.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Henning, Thomas; Nielsen, L. D.; Psaridi, Angelica; Udry, S.; Ségransan, D.; Eastman, Jason D.; Zhou, George; Abe, Lyu; Agabi, A.; Bakos, Gaspar; Charbonneau, David; Collins, Kevin I.; Colón, Knicole D.; Crouzet, Nicolas; Dransfield, Georgina; Evans, P.; Goeke, R.; Hart, Rhodes; Irwin, Jonathan; Jensen, Eric L. N.; Jordán, Andrés; Kielkopf, John F.; Latham, David W.; Marie-Sainte, Wenceslas; Mékarnia, D.; Nelson, Peter; Quinn, Samuel N.; Radford, Don J.; Rodríguez, David; Rowden, Pamela; Schmider, F. X.; Schwarz, Richard P.; Smith, Jeffrey C.; Stockdale, Chris; Suárez, Olga; Tan, T. G.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Waalkes, William; Wingham, Geof

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141145

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…(5) (6) dex is slightly below the expected value of 5.29 dex from the 5 Gyr isochrone. This result provides evidence (Grieves et al 2021). Gray vertical lines mark the approximate locations of the planet/brown dwarf boundary (∼ 13 M Jup ) and the brown dwarf/M-dwarf boundary (∼ 80 M Jup ).…”

Section: Possible Inflation Of the M-dwarf Companionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Gill et al 2020c) and lowmass stellar companions (e.g. Gill et al 2020a,b;Lendl et al 2020;Grieves et al 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6. Mass-radius diagram for 54 brown dwarfs and low-mass stars (black) presented in(Grieves et al 2021). Gray vertical lines mark the approximate locations of the planet/brown dwarf boundary (∼ 13 M Jup ) and the brown dwarf/M-dwarf boundary (∼ 80 M Jup ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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TIC-320687387 B: a long-period eclipsing M-dwarf close to the hydrogen burning limit

Gill,

Ulmer-Moll,

Wheatley

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We are using precise radial velocities from CORALIE together with precision photometry from the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) to follow up stars with single-transit events detected with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). As part of this survey we identified a single transit on the star TIC-320687387, a bright (𝑇 = 11.6) G-dwarf observed by TESS in Sector 13 and 27. From subsequent monitoring of TIC-320687387 with CORALIE, NGTS, and Lesedi we determined that the companion, TIC-320687387 B, is a very low-mass star with a mass of 96.2± 1.9 2.0 𝑀 J and radius of 1.14± 0.02 0.02 𝑅 J placing it close to the hydrogen burning limit (∼ 80 𝑀 J ). TIC-320687387 B has a wide and eccentric orbit, with a period of 29.77381 days and an eccentricity of 0.366 ± 0.003. Eclipsing systems such as TIC-320687387 AB allow us to test stellar evolution models for low-mass stars, which in turn are needed to calculate accurate masses and radii for exoplanets orbiting single low-mass stars. The wide orbit of TIC-320687387 B makes it particularly valuable as its evolution can be assumed to be free from perturbations caused by tidal interactions with its G-type host star.

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Section: Possible Inflation Of the M-dwarf Companionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Gill et al 2020c) and lowmass stellar companions (e.g. Gill et al 2020a,b;Lendl et al 2020;Grieves et al 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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TIC-320687387 B: a long-period eclipsing M-dwarf close to the hydrogen burning limit

Gill,

Ulmer-Moll,

Wheatley

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The symbol size is inversely proportional to the brown dwarf's period. Based on the lists compiled by Carmichael et al (2021) and Grieves et al (2021) and including the discoveries of TOI-629b, TOI-1982b, andTOI-2543b, the total number of transiting brown dwarfs is 36 (Table 3). TESS has strongly contributed to the number of these relatively rare objects with 13 detections (red symbols) over the first three years of its operation.…”

Section: Transiting Massive Planet and Bd Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three new brown dwarfs and a massive hot Jupiter revealed by TESS around early-type stars

Psaridi

Bouchy

Lendl

et al. 2022

A&A

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Context. The detection and characterization of exoplanets and brown dwarfs around massive AF-type stars is essential to investigate and constrain the impact of stellar mass on planet properties. However, such targets are still poorly explored in radial velocity (RV) surveys because they only feature a small number of stellar lines and those are usually broadened and blended by stellar rotation as well as stellar jitter. As a result, the available information about the formation and evolution of planets and brown dwarfs around hot stars is limited. Aims. We aim to increase the sample and precisely measure the masses and eccentricities of giant planets and brown dwarfs transiting early-type stars detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Methods. We followed bright (V < 12 mag) stars with T eff > 6200 K that host giant companions (R > 7 R ⊕ ) using ground-based photometric observations as well as high precision radial velocity measurements from the CORALIE, CHIRON, TRES, FEROS, and MINERVA-Australis spectrographs.Results. In the context of the search for exoplanets and brown dwarfs around early-type stars, we present the discovery of three brown dwarf companions, TOI-629b, TOI-1982b, and TOI-2543b, and one massive planet, TOI-1107b. From the joint analysis of TESS and ground-based photometry in combination with high precision radial velocity measurements, we find the brown dwarfs have masses between 66 and 68 M Jup , periods between 7.54 and 17.17 days, and radii between 0.95 and 1.11 R Jup . The hot Jupiter TOI-1107b has an orbital period of 4.08 days, a radius of 1.30 R Jup , and a mass of 3.35 M Jup . As a by-product of this program, we identified four low-mass eclipsing components (TOI-288b, TOI-446b, TOI-478b, and TOI-764b). Conclusions. Both TOI-1107b and TOI-1982b present an anomalously inflated radius with respect to the age of these systems. TOI-629 is among the hottest stars with a known transiting brown dwarf. TOI-629b and TOI-1982b are among the most eccentric brown dwarfs. The massive planet and the three brown dwarfs add to the growing population of well-characterized giant planets and brown dwarfs transiting AF-type stars and they reduce the apparent paucity.

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“…Empirical determinations of the HBL by characterizing transiting systems with a component near the HBL (e.g. Grieves et al 2021) is a promising avenue forward. An additional complication is that the objects in question may have non-solar metallicities especially given the old age required to produce overmassive brown dwarfs.…”

Section: Identification Of Overmassive Brown Dwarfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where to find over-massive brown dwarfs: new benchmark systems for binary evolution

Majidi,

Forbes,

Loeb

2021

Preprint

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Under the right conditions brown dwarfs that gain enough mass late in their lives to cross the hydrogen burning limit will not turn into low-mass stars, but rather remain essentially brown dwarf-like. While these objects, called either beige dwarfs or over-massive brown dwarfs, may exist in principle, it remains unclear exactly how they would form astrophysically. We show that accretion from AGB winds, aided by the wind Roche lobe overflow mechanism, is likely to produce a substantial population of observable overmassive brown dwarfs, though other mechanisms are still plausible. Specifically we predict that sun-like stars born with a massive brown dwarf companion on an orbit with a semi-major axis of order 10 AU will likely produce overmassive brown dwarfs, which may be found today as companions to the donor star's remnant white dwarf. The identification and characterization of such an object would produce unique constraints on binary evolution because there is a solid upper limit on the brown dwarf's initial mass.

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Populating the brown dwarf and stellar boundary: Five stars with transiting companions near the hydrogen-burning mass limit

Cited by 29 publications

References 154 publications

TIC-320687387 B: a long-period eclipsing M-dwarf close to the hydrogen burning limit

TIC-320687387 B: a long-period eclipsing M-dwarf close to the hydrogen burning limit

Three new brown dwarfs and a massive hot Jupiter revealed by TESS around early-type stars

Where to find over-massive brown dwarfs: new benchmark systems for binary evolution

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