“…Anchovy is the mackerel's dominant prey, particularly during the spawning migration of mackerel (Huh et al, 2006;Jin et al, 2010;Kishida, 1986), and larval anchovy is the important prey items for larval mackerel from the first feeding stage (Nakajima et al, 2013;Shoji et al, 1997Shoji et al, , 1999, which is why anchovy is commonly known as the "food of Japanese Spanish mackerel". Both mackerel and anchovy are among the most important fishery resources in the China Sea (Pan et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2003). Despite the overexploitation of many commercially important species in the China Sea under warming and intensive fishing, the catches of both mackerel and anchovy maintained a high yield (i.e., the fifth and second in China's marine fishery, respectively) in F I G U R E 1 Migration routes of (a) Japanese anchovy and (b) Japanese Spanish mackerel in the coastal China seas (these were redrawn from Zhang, 1965 andWei, 1980, respectively) recent years (Pang et al, 2018;Yu et al, 2020).…”