Population Exposure to Compound Droughts and Heatwaves in the Observations and ERA5 Reanalysis Data in the Gan River Basin, China

Zhang, Yuqing; Mao, Guangxiong; Chen, Changchun; Shen, Liucheng; Xiao, Binyu

doi:10.3390/land10101021

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…3a), with a high r (0.997) and low Bias (− 0.61℃), RB (− 2.6%, slightly underestimated), RMSE (0.952℃), and DISO (0.049) values. The simulated effect of the ERA5 data for the daily time period (UTC + 8, 20:00 − 20:00) corresponding to the observed value was slightly better than that of the original daily ERA5 (UTC 0) (Zhang et al 2021b). The ability of ERA5 to simulate T min (Fig.…”

Section: Apparent Temperature Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Zhang et al 2021b;Yang et al 2022), and the increase in T min was generally greater than that of T max . With the increase in the heat wave grade, the mean value of T max increased, and the negative correlation between T max and RH was strengthened in the GRB.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In this study, ve commonly-used indices were applied to quantitatively compare the ERA5 data against meteorological observations. These ve indices were mean bias (Bias), relative bias (RB), correlation coe cient (r), root mean square error (RMSE), and the distance between the indices of simulation and observation (DISO) (Yang et al 2016;Hu et al 2019;Zhang et al 2021b;Zhou et al 2021). The zero values of Bias, RB, and RMSE indicated that the simulations were equivalent to the observations.…”

Section: Evaluation Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To measure the severity of heat waves, the excess heat factor and occurrence probability methods are generally used (Sun et Zhang et al 2021b). Similarly, the severity of cold waves can also be calculated using the excess cold factor (e.g., daily minimum temperature below 5th or 10th percentile of a minimum temperature series) and the probability of occurrence (Liu et Zhang et al 2021c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The severity of heat and cold waves amplified by high relative humidity in humid subtropical basins: a case study in the Gan River Basin, China

et al. 2022

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High relative humidity (RH) and temperature extremes can occur simultaneously and persist for periods of time, resulting in serious harm to human health, especially in humid regions. Here, the Gan River Basin was used as a case study to investigate the characteristics of heat and cold waves using the apparent temperature (combined air temperature and RH) of the observed and ERA5 reanalysis datasets. Heat waves showed an increasing trend from 1961 to 2018 (particularly from 1997 to 2018), whereas during the same period, cold waves showed a signi cant decreasing trend. In general, ERA5 reasonably re ected the spatiotemporal characteristics of heat and cold waves, but the ability to simulate cold waves was greater than that of heat waves. The amplifying effect of high RH on heat waves is signi cantly greater than on cold waves. The increasing rates of heat waves in ERA5 at the three grades other than extreme heat waves were slightly greater than the observations. Cold waves at various grades showed signi cant downward trends, and the decreasing rates of cold wave in observations were slightly greater than those of ERA5. Using an analysis of the return period (occurrence probability), traditional univariate risk assessment methods based on maximum or minimum temperature may substantially underestimate the risk of extreme events, such as the 2014 heat wave or the 1969 cold wave, because the effects of RH were ignored.

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Section: Apparent Temperature Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Evaluation Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The severity of heat and cold waves amplified by high relative humidity in humid subtropical basins: a case study in the Gan River Basin, China

et al. 2022

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“…Xin et al (2021) explored the applicability of ERA-5-Land reanalysis data in the Greater Bay Area based on precipitation, and the results showed that ERA-5-Land reanalysis precipitation data could better describe the spatial distribution and temporal variation trend of monthly precipitation. Zhang et al (2021) showed that although ERA-5 reanalysis precipitation data overestimated precipitation, it had high simulation accuracy in the monitoring of drought and heat wave events in South China. Zhou et al (2021a) showed that the meteorological drought events based on ERA-5-Land reanalysis precipitation data were basically consistent with the historical observed drought events, and could well represent the drought events in the PRB.…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive evaluation of vegetation responses to meteorological drought from both linear and nonlinear perspectives

Zhou

Ding

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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The frequent occurrence of drought events in recent years has caused significant changes in plant biodiversity. Understanding vegetation dynamics and their responses to climate change is of great significance to reveal the behaviour mechanism of terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, NDVI and SIF were used to evaluate the dynamic changes of vegetation in the Pearl River Basin (PRB). The relationship between vegetation and meteorological drought in the PRB was evaluated from both linear and nonlinear perspectives, and the difference of vegetation response to meteorological drought in different land types was revealed. Cross wavelet analysis was used to explore the teleconnection factors (e.g., large-scale climate patterns and solar activity) that may affect the relationship between meteorological drought and vegetation dynamics. The results show that 1) from 2001 to 2019, the vegetation cover and photosynthetic capacity of the PRB both showed increasing trends, with changing rates of 0.055/10a and 0.036/10a, respectively; 2) compared with NDVI, the relationship between SIF and meteorological drought was closer; 3) the vegetation response time (VRT) obtained based on NDVI was mainly 4–5 months, which was slightly longer than that based on SIF (mainly 3–4 months); 4) the VRT of woody vegetation (mainly 3–4 months) was longer than that of herbaceous vegetation (mainly 4–5 months); and 5) vegetation had significant positive correlations with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and sunspots but a significant negative correlation with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Compared with sunspots, the ENSO and the PDO were more closely related to the response relationship between meteorological drought and vegetation. The outcomes of this study can help reveal the relationship between vegetation dynamics and climate change under the background of global warming and provide a new perspective for studying the relationship between drought and vegetation.

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The role of global reanalyses in climate services for health: Insights from the Lancet Countdown

Napoli

Romanello

Minor

et al. 2023

Meteorological Applications

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As the linkages between extreme weather events, changes in climatic conditions and health impacts in exposed populations become clearer, so does the need for climate‐smart decisions aimed at making the public health sector more responsive and resilient. By integrating climate and health information, climate services for health provide robust decision‐support tools. The Lancet Countdown monitoring system uses global climate reanalyses products to track annual changes in a set of health‐related outcomes. In the monitoring system, multiple variables from reanalysis datasets such as ERA5 and ERA5‐Land are retrieved and processed to capture heatwaves, precipitation extremes, wildfires, droughts, warming and ecosystem changes across the globe and over multiple decades. This reanalysis‐derived information is then input into a hazard–exposure–vulnerability framework that delivers, as outcomes, indicators tracking the year‐by‐year impacts of climate‐related hazards on human mortality, labour capacity, physical activity, sentiment, infectious disease transmission, and food security and undernutrition. Building on the reanalysis gridded format, the indicators create worldwide ‘maps without gaps’ of climate–health linkages. Our experience shows that reanalysis datasets allow standardization across the climate information used in the framework, making the system potentially adaptable to multiple geographical scales. An ongoing challenge is to quantify how the inherent bias of global reanalyses influences indicator outcomes. We foresee the health sector as a key user of reanalysis products. Therefore, public health professionals and health impact modellers should be involved in the co‐development of future iterations of reanalysis datasets, to reach finer spatial resolutions and provide a wider set of health‐relevant climate variables.

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Population Exposure to Compound Droughts and Heatwaves in the Observations and ERA5 Reanalysis Data in the Gan River Basin, China

Cited by 21 publications

References 67 publications

The severity of heat and cold waves amplified by high relative humidity in humid subtropical basins: a case study in the Gan River Basin, China

The severity of heat and cold waves amplified by high relative humidity in humid subtropical basins: a case study in the Gan River Basin, China

Comprehensive evaluation of vegetation responses to meteorological drought from both linear and nonlinear perspectives

The role of global reanalyses in climate services for health: Insights from the Lancet Countdown

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