Population Growth, Migration and Urbanisation. Environmental Consequences in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Pradhan, Prachanda

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2877-9_9

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This pattern is driven, in part, by migration [6]. Migrants tend to move to areas in close proximity to economic opportunities and urban services in the valley, which is usual in most developing countries in Asia [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1990s, the rate of urbanization in Nepal (6.6% per annum) was among the highest in the Asia Pacific Region, higher than in Sri Lanka (2.2%), India (2.9%), Pakistan (4.4%), Bangladesh (5.3%), and Cambodia (6.2%) [4]. As the result of population growth and migration from rural to urban areas, urbanization has been recognized as a critical socioeconomic process in metropolitan areas of Nepal [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining Spatiotemporal Urbanization Patterns in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Remote Sensing and Spatial Metrics Approaches

2009

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This paper examines the spatiotemporal pattern of urbanization in Kathmandu Valley using remote sensing and spatial metrics techniques. The study is based on 33-years of time series data compiled from satellite images. Along with new developments within the city fringes and rural villages in the valley, shifts in the natural environment and newly developed socioeconomic strains between residents are emerging. A highly dynamic spatial pattern of urbanization is observed in the valley. Urban built-up areas had a slow trend of growth in the 1960s and 1970s but have grown rapidly since the 1980s. The urbanization process has developed fragmented and heterogeneous land use combinations in the valley. However, the refill type of development process in the city core and immediate fringe areas has shown a decreasing trend in the neighborhood distances between land use patches, and an increasing trend towards physical connectedness, which indicates a higher probability of homogenous landscape development in the upcoming decades.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Spatiotemporal Urbanization Patterns in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Remote Sensing and Spatial Metrics Approaches

2009

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“…KMC and World Bank (2001) cited KMC in reporting that in 1995 3273 ha of KMC's total area of 5076 ha were used for residential and commercial purposes and 1314 ha were open space including vacant land, squatters and important designated areas. Moreover, Pradhan (2004) reported that the urban built-up area in Kathmandu Valley grew by 212% from 1955 to 1996 and the population climbed by 608% from 1952/ 54 to 2001. In addition, the size of the city in a low-income country may dictate the per capita waste generation.…”

Section: Comparison Of Waste Stream Characteristics and Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With an area of 50.76 km 2 (CBS, 1991), KMC has a population of 671,846 people (CBS, 2002). From 1991 to 2001, Nepal's population increased by 2.2% per annum, while KMC's urban population grew by 7.9% (CBS, 2002;Pradhan, 2004). Increasing urbanization has intensified environmental pressures including unorganized waste disposal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Municipal solid waste generation in Kathmandu, Nepal

Dangi

Pretz

Urynowicz

et al. 2011

Journal of Environmental Management

140

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Abstract:Waste stream characteristics must be understood to tackle waste management problems in Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), Nepal. Three-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to evaluate solid waste data collected from 336 households in KMC. This information was combined with data collected regarding waste from restaurants, hotels, schools and streets. The study found that 497.3 g capita À1 day À1 of solid waste was generated from households and 48.5, 113.3 and 26.1 kg facility À1 day À1 of waste was generated from restaurants, hotels and schools, respectively. Street litter measured 69.3 metric tons day À1. The average municipal solid waste generation rate was 523.8 metric tons day À1 or 0.66 kg capita À1 day À1 as compared to the 320 metric tons day À1 reported by the city. The coefficient of correlation between the number of people and the amount of waste produced was 0.94. Key household waste constituents included 71% organic wastes, 12% plastics, 7.5% paper and paper products, 5% dirt and construction debris and 1%hazardous wastes. Although the waste composition varied depending on the source, the composition analysis of waste from restaurants, hotels, schools and streets showed a high percentage of organic wastes. These numbers suggest a greater potential for recovery of organic wastes via composting and there is an opportunity for recycling. Because there is no previous inquiry of this scale in reporting comprehensive municipal solid waste generation in Nepal, this study can be treated as a baseline for other Nepalese municipalities.

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“…However, PUA has a huge challenge to protect it from rapid and haphazard urbanisation of Kathmandu, mainly due to rapid rate of migration with over 5.5 per cent per annum (Pradhan 2004). Some studies have been carried out to analyse the urban agriculture in Kathmandu valley (Pradhan 2008;Devkota and Pradhan 2006;Rajbanshi 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmer’s Choice and Farmer’s Voice on the Use of Local versus Modern Inputs in Peri-Urban Agriculture in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Sapkota

2009

Geog. J. Nepal

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Farmers' knowledge and practices on local versus modern inputs on peri-urban agriculture were investigated by interviewing 20 vegetable growers with purposive sampling in the Manahara river basin of Kathmandu Valley between November 2005 and January 2006. Further data were collected from group discussions, key informant survey, and observation. This paper attempts to explore some contradictions between scientific and local knowledge on peri-urban agriculture practices. The farmers have now intensified their production to meet the urban demand. The transition has made the farmers adopting improved farming techniques related to the green revolution over traditional practices. The farmers' practices demonstrate to some extent a link between scientific and indigenous knowledge. They also realise that the institutional extension support is essential to identify and proper use of agricultural inputs available at the local markets, so that the agriculture production can be achieved in a balanced way.

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Population Growth, Migration and Urbanisation. Environmental Consequences in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Examining Spatiotemporal Urbanization Patterns in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Remote Sensing and Spatial Metrics Approaches

Examining Spatiotemporal Urbanization Patterns in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Remote Sensing and Spatial Metrics Approaches

Municipal solid waste generation in Kathmandu, Nepal

Farmer’s Choice and Farmer’s Voice on the Use of Local versus Modern Inputs in Peri-Urban Agriculture in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

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