Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety aspects

Charerntantanakul, Wasin

doi:10.5501/wjv.v1.i1.23

Cited by 156 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The high genetic diversity of PRRSV hinders the development of protective measures against the virus (Mateu and Diaz, 2008). Despite extensive scientific efforts and the substantial financial investments by stakeholders, currently there is no effective vaccine against the virus on the market (Zuckermann et al, 2007;Charerntantanakul, 2012;Tóth et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Immunological and biochemical characterisation of 7ap, a short protein translated from an alternative frame of ORF7 of PRRSV

Olasz

Jankovics

Bálint

et al. 2016

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Sequence analysis revealed a short alternative open reading frame (ORF) named ORF7a within the nucleocapsid gene of genetically divergent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) genomes. Alignment of the corresponding protein sequences (named 7ap) revealed substantial heterogeneity among 7aps of different genotypes, though all of them are predicted to be positively charged. Green fluorescent protein and FLAG fusion constructs of ORF7a of the HU-14432/2011 PRRSV demonstrated that 7ap is expressed. 7ap of HU-14432/2011 (Hu7ap) was synthesised chemically, and ELISA experiments revealed that Hu7ap binds strongly to mammalian IgGs. Protein-protein gel retardation assays and complement fixation inhibition suggest that 7aps bind to the CH2 domain of the IgG(Fc) fragment. Cellular localisation and immunological characteristics of PRRSV 7ap may indicate multiple functions including nuclear and cytoplasmic over-tuning of normal cellular processes and immunosuppression.Key words: PRRSV, IgG binding, positive charged short peptide, overlapping ORF, complement fixation inhibition Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a member of the Arteriviridae family of the Nidovirales order. Since its appearance in the late 1980s PRRSV has remained one of the most costly diseases of the swine industry. PRRSV has a high mutation rate, which led to the evolution of two major genotypes with several subtypes . The nucleotide identity between the two serotypes is only 55-70%. Type

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confidence: 99%

Immunological and biochemical characterisation of 7ap, a short protein translated from an alternative frame of ORF7 of PRRSV

Olasz

Jankovics

Bálint

et al. 2016

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…Las vacunas del mercado aún no garantizan una protección satisfactoria, su eficiencia cae drásticamente frente a confrontaciones heterólogas; el uso de vacunas sólo garantiza disminuir en mayor o menor grado los signos y síntomas clínicos, duración de la viremia y duración de eliminación del virus (10,52) ; no se recomienda el uso de vacunas de virus vivo para prevención en granjas negativas a PRRSV (52) y donde, se debe estar consciente, que el uso de vacuna de virus inactivado puede presentar casos de nula duration of the virus sheading phase (10,52) . The use of live virus vaccines is not recommended for prevention in negative PRRSV farms (52) , and it must be bearded in mind that use of dead virus vaccine in a situation of high risk of infection (52) could present cases of null or limited protection (24) .…”

Section: Control Y Prevenciónunclassified

“…There are two types of commercially available vaccines, live modified virus (MLV) and killed virus (KV) (52) . The licensed MLV vaccines used in US are derived from PRRSV NA and include Ingelvac ® PRRS MLV (with license of use in Mexico) and ReproCyc® PRRS-PLE, both from the VR-2332, and JA-142, Ingelvac® PRRS ATP, all produced by Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany) (10,52) .…”

Section: Control Y Prevenciónmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS).Review

López-Heydeck

Alonso-Morales

Mendieta-Zerón

et al. 2015

Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu.

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RESUMENEl síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio del cerdo (PRRS), es una enfermedad de origen viral que ocasiona fallas reproductivas severas en cerdas gestantes, con menos grado en la calidad del semen en verracos y problemas respiratorios en cerdos de todas las edades pero principalmente en lechones; también se asocia o incrementa la manifestación de otras enfermedades respiratorias. Es una de las enfermedades de mayor importancia económica mundial, en la mayoría de los países de producción de porcinos, donde en gran parte de ellos permanece endémico. El virus de PRRS (PRRSV) presenta un alto grado de mutabilidad, por lo que hay una gran diversidad genética de cepas del linaje norteamericano (PRRSV NA) y entre el PRRSV NA y el linaje europeo (PRRSV EU), lo que afecta la homogeneidad y poca o nula antigenicidad cruzada para vacunas; el virus vacunal modificado, único comercialmente accesible para generar algún grado confiable de inmunidad, ha mostrado la capacidad de revertirse a patógeno, con replicabilidad y recombinación con virus de campo; las vacunas sólo se utilizan para disminuir el grado de afección de la enfermedad; el virus muestra una capacidad de inmunosupresión e inmunoregulación que le permite, prolongar el tiempo de viremia en los animales enfermos, quienes eliminan el virus por saliva, secreciones transplacentarias, mamarias y muy posiblemente excremento, siendo la transmisión principal por contacto directo o por objetos contaminados; además presenta una posterior selectividad a pocos tejidos linfoides, que le permite permanecer inadvertido hasta que, en condiciones favorables, vuelve a manifestarse la enfermedad, ya sea como pequeños brotes, o como pandemia. PALABRAS CLAVE: Síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio del cerdo. ABSTRACTThe porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), is a viral disease that is manifested in severe reproductive failure in pregnant sows, lower levels of semen quality in boars, and respiratory problems in pigs of all ages but mainly piglets. Economically it is one of the most important diseases worldwide and is present in the majority of porcine producing countries, where, in most of them, it is still endemic. The PRRS virus (PRRSV) has a high mutation rate, reason why there is great genetic diversity in the North American linage strains (NA PRRSV), and between the NA PRRSV and the European (EU PRRSV) lineages. This affects strain homogeneity and gives few or null cross antigenicity among strains, which is important for a successful vaccine. The modified virus vaccine, is the only commercially available vaccine that provides some level of immunity confidence, but it has shown the possibility to revert to pathogenicity by mutation or recombination with field strains. The commercially available vaccines are only used to diminish the level of impact of the disease. The virus shows the capacity of immune suppression and immune regulation, which allows the virus to extend the viremia period in infected animals. The virus spreads through saliva, trans placental and mam...

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“…However, inactivated and MLV vaccines are ineffective in providing suffi cient protective immunity because PRRSV exists as various genotypes. There are also concerns about the reversion of vaccine strains to virulent genotypes [16]. As a result, there has been a high demand for the development of alternative effi cient methods for disease control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high molecular weight poly-γ-glutamic acid on PIGS with porcine preproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection

Seo

Lee²,

Kang³

et al. 2017

Acta Veterinaria

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Bacillus subtilis sups. chungkookjang produces a higher molecular mass poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA). Recently, previous studies have demonstrated immune stimulation and an antitumor effect of the high molecular mass γ-PGA using various mouse models although these effects have not been shown in other species of animals. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the effect of γ-PGA in pigs with and without PRRSV infection. PRRS-negative pigs were intramuscularly injected with 1, 3, or 5 ml of 20 mg/mll γ-PGA, and one group of pigs served as a non-treatment (NT) group. All groups treated with γ-PGA had signifi cantly higher weight gains, and pigs treated with 5 ml of γ-PGA exhibited higher tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-β expression levels compared with the NT group. According to the preliminary results, an animal challenge study was conducted with a highly virulent PRRSV strain, MN184, along with γ-PGA treatment at different time points. Pigs treated with γ-PGA had lower levels of viral loads in the sera and in lungs and gained signifi cantly more weight (p<0.05) compared with the NT group after being challenged with MN184. Moreover, γ-PGA-treatment groups had higher levels of neutralizing antibodies and cytokines related to proinfl ammatory, humoral and cell-mediated responses than the control group after the PRRSV challenge. Therefore, it was concluded that γ-PGA induces higher levels of immune responses and increases resistance to PRRSV infection in pigs.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety aspects

Cited by 156 publications

References 72 publications

Immunological and biochemical characterisation of 7ap, a short protein translated from an alternative frame of ORF7 of PRRSV

Immunological and biochemical characterisation of 7ap, a short protein translated from an alternative frame of ORF7 of PRRSV

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS).Review

Effects of high molecular weight poly-γ-glutamic acid on PIGS with porcine preproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection

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