Porous Ca-based bead sorbents for simultaneous removal of SO2, fine particulate matters, and heavy metals from pilot plant sewage sludge incineration

Adsorption characteristics of mesoporous silica SBA-15 synthesized from mine tailing

“…Firstly, 100 g of mine tailing was treated with sodium hydroxide in a weight ratio of 1:1.2 at 550°C in a furnace for 1 h. The treated powder was mixed with distilled water in a weight ratio of 1:4 at 25°C for 24 h. The suspension was filtered to obtain the supernatant. The concentrations of Si and Al in the supernatant (i.e., sodium silicate solution) were measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, iCAP 7000DUO, Thermo Scientific) (Han et al, 2015). 4 g of nonionic surfactant P123 was dissolved in 120 g of 2 M HCl followed by an addition of 30 g distilled water, and stirred the mixture at room temperature for 20 h. The 100 mL of the supernatant was then added to the mixture and stirring was continued at 35°C for 20 h, followed by aging at 90°C for 24 h. The final solution was further filtered to obtain the product as solid, which was dried at 90°C for 24 h and finally calcined at 550°C for 4 h to remove surfactant P123.…”

Experimental study and parametric analysis of SO2 capture in limestone fixed bed reactor

“…The formed calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ) layer is porous due to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) production which escapes during the reaction (Eqn (1)). The parameters affecting the overall rate and conversion of reactions (Eqns (1) and (3)) are as follows: temperature ( T ), pressure ( P ), partial pressure of the gaseous reactants (, ), diameter or general geometry of the CaCO 3 particle ( d p ), structural characteristics of limestone, reaction time ( t ) and water vapor. Capture of sulfur (S) by sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ) formation does not have a significant impact, due to the small degree of conversion of SO 2 to SO 3 in non‐catalytic conditions .…”

Thermodynamic equilibrium predictions of zinc volatilization, migration, and transformation during sludge co‐incineration

“…For example, “Treatment and Pollution Control Technology Policy for Sludge in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant” adopted by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China incentivizes the use of sludge as a fuel in co‐incineration by thermal power plants, and cement and brick kilns. However, the complexity and variability of fuel components (e.g., sludge, coals, and municipal solid waste—MSW) in co‐incineration have led to the emissions of pollutants with strong toxicity such as heavy metals (HMs), organic pollutants, and acid gases (Li, Zhang, Shao, & He, ; Li et al., ; Liu, Fu, et al., ; Yu et al., ) whose migration, transformation, and emission patterns have drawn worldwide attention (Han, Hwang, Kim, Park, & Kim, ; Liu, Huang, et al, ; Liu, Huang, Sun, & Xie, ; Liu, Zeng, et al., ).…”