Porous cellulose microspheres loaded with dry Nile water algae for removal of MB dye and copper ions from aqueous media

Abstract

Low‐cost‐effective applied technologies for water and wastewater treatment, such as microalgae, have growing attention due to their mutual benefit in wastewater treatment and for valuable algae biomass production. A newly constructed Nile water algae cross‐linked cellulose microsphere (NACS) was applied by functionalization of cross‐linked cellulose acetate with dry Nile water algae forming an efficient adsorptive microsphere. The adsorption capacity of microspheres was evaluated for the removal of basic dye (Methylene blue: MB) and heavy metal copper ions (Cu+2). The molecular structure revealed that the prepared microspheres have several functional groups and elements that have a high affinity for heavy metals and dye removal; furthermore, the morphological structure emphasizes this removal affinity by the presence of micropores at the surface of the microsphere. The results of maximum biosorption conditions showed both MB and Cu through the microsphere were 20 mg/L MB and (10 and 20) mg/L Cu concentrations, 2 g/L of adsorbent dose, pH (MB = 6 and Cu = 5.5), and contact time of 60 min. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) were significantly enhanced at 200 and 153.2 mg/g for MB and Cu (II), respectively. The possibility of removal, recovery, and reuse of MB by prepared microsphere was efficiently achieved.

Construction mechanism of gellan gum/chitosan/calcium ion multiple‐network hydrogel by self‐assembly strategy and its regulation

“…It was consistent with the results of GG-CS hydrogel phase transition analysis. 13 C-SSNMR can characterize the chemical structure of carbon atoms in polymer materials, and the charge changes around carbon atoms will cause a certain chemical shift in 13 C-SSNMR results. Therefore, it can be applied to speculate the main action force in constructing the GG-CS hydrogel network.…”

“…Therefore, it can be applied to speculate the main action force in constructing the GG-CS hydrogel network. In this study, 13 C-SSNMR was applied to verify the electrostatic interaction between the COO À groups in GG and the protonated NH 3 + formed after the protonation of CS. Figure 3A shows the 13 C-SSNMR spectra of GG, CS, and GG-CS hydrogel.…”

“…In order to verify that GG-CS hydrogel was indeed cross-linked by electrostatic attraction between NH 3 + after protonation of CS and COO À in GG, the gel formation force of negatively charged CMKGM and GG was compared and analyzed by 13 C-SSNMR spectra. As shown in Figure 3B, the characteristic chemical shift peaks of CMKGM were at 60.281(C6, C6 0 ), 73.710 (C2, C3, C4, C5), 102.115(C1), and 177.535 (C7) ppm, respectively.…”

“…[8][9][10][11] Biomass adsorbents, in virtue of the wide range of sources, low cost, green, and degradable properties, could be applied for the recovery of uranium and other heavy metal ions. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] However, there are still some drawbacks of biomass adsorbents including their poor stability and mechanical properties that limit their potential in large-scale engineering applications being urgent to be improved to meet the practical adsorption application. [19][20][21][22] Hydrogels constructed by biomass material can form porous three-dimensional networks, which can not only improve their mechanical properties but also keep its structural integrity after absorbing water being advantageous for their separating and recycling from treated wastewater.…”

Preparation of modified zeolite/chitosan composites and study on the adsorption performance of Pb2+

“…With modern economic and industrial technology breakthroughs, urban sprawl and water pollution have become worldwide issues that humanity must confront in the 21st century 1 . Heavy‐metal pollution, in particular, offers a significant concern to organism health because of its high toxicity, carcinogenicity, bioconcentration, and refractory decomposition, and human activities have been found to be the main reason for the increase of heavy‐metal content in aquatic environments 2–4 . Heavy‐metal Pb is one of the three major heavy‐metal pollutants, which is a heavy‐metal element that seriously endangers human health, and will cause irreversible damage to the kidneys, heart and nerve center of the human body 5,6 .…”