Porous graphene: Properties, preparation, and potential applications

Abstract

Graphene has recently emerged as an important and exciting material. Inspired by its outstanding properties, many researchers have extensively studied graphene-related materials both experimentally and theoretically. Porous graphene is a collection of graphene-related materials with nanopores in the plane. Porous graphene exhibits properties distinct from those of graphene, and it has widespread potential applications in various fields such as gas separation, hydrogen storage, DNA sequencing, and supercapacitors. In this review, we summarize recent progress in studies of the properties, preparation, and potential applications of porous graphene, and show that porous graphene is a promising material with great potential for future development.graphene, porous graphene, electronic structure, gas separation, DNA sequencing Citation:Xu P T, Yang J X, Wang K S, et al. [9] have made the preparation of large-area graphene feasible. The most intriguing aspect of graphene is its extraordinary properties. Graphene, which is constructed by strong sp 2 covalent bonds, is believed to be the strongest material ever measured [10]. Experiments have revealed that graphene exhibits a high ambipolar electric-field effect at room temperature, better conductivity than any other known material [3], and many other novel properties, including room-temperature quantum Hall effects, mass-less Dirac electrons near the K point, and high mobility of carriers (10 6 m s −1 , close to the speed of light) [11][12][13]. All these properties distinguish graphene from ordinary materials, and make graphene an ideal candidate for the manufacture of electronic devices. To develop a full understanding of its nature and realize the full potential of graphene, extensive investigations have proceeded in various directions. For instance, the electronic and magnetic properties of graphene can be modified by hydrogenation [14] and doping [15]. Another research area, porous graphene, has also attracted increasing attention recently. Porous graphene is a collection of graphene-related materials with nanopores in the plane. Depending on the production techniques used, the pore size ranges from atomic precision to nanoscale. As a result of the nanopores in the graphene plane, porous graphene exhibits properties distinct from those of pristine graphene, leading to its potential applications in numerous

A general and scalable synthesis approach to porous graphene

“…pGRF, which is a derivative of graphene with nano-scaled pores on the sheets, was mostly studied in the computational and physical fields 19 . Owing to the pores on the graphene sheets, the rate of mass transfer is improved; therefore, pGRF exhibits distinct properties from pristine graphene that leads to its potential applications in numerous fields, such as gas separation and purification 20 , water desalination 21 , ion channel 22 and DNA sequencing 23 .…”

“…Therefore, the studies of pGRF are usually carried out as a kind of nanodevice and in computational chemistry owing to the lack of an effective synthesis method with bulk production 19 . As for the commercial application of a newly developed material, the production at large scale with low cost is the last bottleneck.…”

Recent developments in membranes for efficient hydrogen purification

“…Generally, the pore size of porous graphene prepared via physical methods could be tuned by changing the ion or electron doses, while porous graphene through chemical methods possess a relatively narrow size distribution [88]. Very recently, a general and scalable fabrication approach for porous graphene was developed via the carbonization reaction of graphene oxide etched by metal oxide particles generated from oxometalates (OMs) and polyoxometalates (POMs) [89].…”

Porous graphene containing immobilized Ru(II) tris-bipyridyl for use in electrochemiluminescence sensing of tripropylamine

“…Three-dimensional porous graphene (3D-pGR) remains inherent properties of GR and also exhibits some unique properties including large specific surface area, interconnected porous structure, and high mass transfer rate [13,14]. As a particular carbon nanomaterial, 3D-pGR has already been used for gas separation and purification, energy storage and so on [15][16][17][18][19][20]. We have produced porous GR-chitosan composites from freeze drying and fabricated a glucose biosensor by immobilization of glucose oxidase [21].…”