Porous PDMS–ZnO Wearable Gas Sensor for Acetone Biomarker Detection and Breath Analysis

Abstract

In response to the growing demand for global health monitoring, we report a nonintrusive health detection method using a compact, conformal wearable ultraviolet (UV)-assisted gas-sensing system based on an intrinsically flexible porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-zinc oxide (ZnO) composite layer (PPZL) for the breath acetone (BrAce) detection and breath event analysis. The enhanced acetone response is attributed to the synergistic effect of UV irradiation and the high surface area of the porous structure, which also improves the mechanical robustness. The UV-assisted wearable sensor reliably detects acetone concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppm at room temperature under 4.05 mW/cm 2 UV intensity, even under mechanical strains such as a bending radius of 5 mm and 60% tensile strain. It accurately analyzes different breathing patterns (12−20 breaths per minute) and BrAce concentrations, maintaining a stable performance over 20 days with less than 5% signal degradation. The sensor exhibits response and recovery times of average 110−150 and 130−180 s, respectively, and maintains a consistent 3 ppm BrAce response under varying humidity levels up to 70% relative humidity, ensuring accurate detection of BrAce concentrations during real-world breath tests. Additionally, the sensor targets only specific gases, and the sensor's selectivity is not a key concern. This flexible acetone gas sensor offers a portable solution for health management and a fabrication method for designing flexible metal oxide materials.