Portable Digital Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer Based on Separate-Region Corona Discharge Ionization Source for On-Site Rapid Detection of Illegal Drugs

Li, Lingfeng; Zhang, Tianyi; Wang, Deting; Zhang, Yunjing; He, Xingli; Wang, Xiaozhi; Li, Peng

doi:10.3390/molecules27113506

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The sample introduction and ionization assembly was attached to a homemade portable digital linear ion trap mass spectrometer with the original ion source removed, which has been previously described in detail [ 35 ]. Briefly, the instrument uses a linear ion trap with a digital waveform with a low voltage (±100 V) as the mass detector, and a discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI), as described by L. Gao et al [ 36 ], covered a mass range of 50–500 Da with a unit resolution at a scan rate of 10,000 Da/s.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Trace Explosives Using a Novel Sample Introduction and Ionization Method

Zhang

et al. 2022

Molecules

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A novel sample introduction and ionization method for trace explosives detection is proposed and investigated herein, taking into consideration real-world application requirements. A thermal desorption sampling method and dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) source, with air as the discharge gas, were developed. The counter flow method was adopted firstly into the DBDI source to remove the interference of ozone and other reactive nitrogen oxides. A separated reaction region with an ion guiding electric field was developed for ionization of the sample molecules. Coupled with a homemade miniature digital linear ion trap mass spectrometer, this compact and robust design, with further optimization, has the advantages of soft ionization, a low detection limit, is free of reagent and consumable gas, and is an easy sample introduction. A range of common nitro-based explosives including TNT, 2,4-DNT, NG, RDX, PETN, and HMX has been studied. A linear response in the range of two orders of magnitude with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 ng for TNT has been demonstrated. Application to the detection of real explosives and simulated mixed samples has also been explored. The work paves the path to developing next generation mass spectrometry (MS) based explosive trace detectors (ETDs).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Trace Explosives Using a Novel Sample Introduction and Ionization Method

Zhang

et al. 2022

Molecules

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“…33 Xue et al developed a hand-portable digital linear ion trap mass spectrometer for volatile organic compounds (VOC) analysis, 34 and Li et al developed a portable digital linear ion trap mass spectrometer based on separate-region corona discharge ionization source. 35 An additional advantage of the digital ion trap is that the AC excitation voltage applied to the end-cap electrodes is also generated and controlled by the digital circuit. This allows for more flexible adjustment of parameters such as period, duty cycle, and relative phase of the AC signal.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Performance of Triple-Stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis Using Dual-Direction Dipolar Excitation in a Digital Linear Ion Trap

Duan,

Zhang,

Xian

et al. 2024

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The ion trap mass spectrometer offers a unique advantage over other mass spectrometers by enabling multistage tandem mass spectrometry analysis with a single mass analyzer. It is employed to generate fragment ions through collision-induced dissociation (CID) usually by applying alternating current (AC) signals to a pair of electrodes for dipole excitation. The process of achieving double-stage tandem mass spectrometry analysis (MS/ MS) in the mass spectrometer involves successive stages of injection, cooling, isolation, excitation, and scanning. For triplestage tandem mass spectrometry analysis (MS/MS/MS), additional stages of isolation, cooling, and excitation need to be added based on the MS/MS analysis, resulting in a complex and time-consuming mass spectrometry workflow. In this study, a digital ion trap technology with the method of simultaneously applying dipole excitation signals to two pairs of electrodes in the ion trap was developed. This allows fragmentation of the precursor ion in one direction while exciting the first-generation product ions in the other direction, enabling direct acquisition of MS/MS/MS spectra. This approach simplifies the process of tandem mass spectrometry, as demonstrated by experimental studies on methamphetamine, which show that dual-direction excitation effectively reduces workflow and enhances the intensity of product ions. Additionally, the method of direct MS/MS/MS spectra achieved through dual-direction excitation in a digital ion trap mass spectrometer allows for a lower q value of the precursor ion owing to a pseudopotential well depth that is 1.648 times greater than that of a traditional sinusoidal ion trap. The experiments of analyzing high concentration n-butyl acetate and isobutyl acetate have shown that the implementation of MS/MS/MS analysis using dualdirection excitation can provide more mass spectral information and effectively distinguish between the two isomeric samples. The results of direct triple-stage spectra obtained by this technique for several typical volatile hazardous chemicals demonstrate the method's capability for rapid analysis and detection of such substances. In summary, the developed method of dual-directional excitation coupled with digital ion trap technology enables direct performance of triple-stage tandem mass spectrometry analysis, improving fragment ion intensities and providing more valuable mass spectral information. It offers advantages such as simplified workflows, faster analysis, and enhanced accuracy for analyzing compounds with low mass fragment ions.

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“…Recently, a whole research area devoted to plasma systems of active particles has emerged. These are both plasma systems with micron-sized macroscopic particles immersed in them [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] and more traditional plasma systems without a dust component [ 5 , 6 ]. Such plasma formations are open particle systems in which, due to specially selected external conditions, it is possible to transform chaotic thermal motion into directed flows of active particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the system consists of charged particles of different masses, by using their activity, a mass spectrometer can be created based on the effective separation of components of different masses, for example, in low-temperature plasma [ 5 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optimal Axis-Symmetrical Plasma Potential Distribution for Plasma Mass Separation

et al. 2022

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The mass separation of chemical element mixtures is a relevant task for numerous applications in the nuclear power industry. One of the promising approaches to solve this problem is plasma mass separation. In a recent study, the efficiency of plasma mass separation in a configuration with a potential well and a homogeneous magnetic field was experimentally demonstrated. This article examines the possibility of increasing the distance between the deposition regions of charged particles with different masses by varying the profile of the electric field potential. Such correlation can be considered as the control in a system of active particles. A cylindrical coordinate system is used. The electric field is axially symmetrical, and the magnetic field is directed along the axis of the symmetry. The corresponding mathematical problem was solved in a general way. The criteria for increasing the distance between the deposition areas of the “light” and “heavy” components of the mixture have been formulated. A high sensitivity of particle trajectories to the electric field potential in the region of the pericentres of the trajectories of charged particles was detected. Recommendations for the practical implementation of the optimal spatial separation of ion fluxes are proposed.

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Portable Digital Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer Based on Separate-Region Corona Discharge Ionization Source for On-Site Rapid Detection of Illegal Drugs

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Detection of Trace Explosives Using a Novel Sample Introduction and Ionization Method

Detection of Trace Explosives Using a Novel Sample Introduction and Ionization Method

Direct Performance of Triple-Stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis Using Dual-Direction Dipolar Excitation in a Digital Linear Ion Trap

The Optimal Axis-Symmetrical Plasma Potential Distribution for Plasma Mass Separation

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