Portable Instrument for Hemoglobin Determination Using Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Carbon Dots

Abstract

A portable reconfigurable platform for hemoglobin determination based on inner filter quenching of room-temperature phosphorescent carbon dots (CDs) in the presence of H2O2 is described. The electronic setup consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) as the carbon dot optical exciter and a photodiode as a light-to-current converter integrated in the same instrument. The reconfigurable feature provides adaptability to use the platform as an analytical probe for CDs coming from different batches with some variations in luminescence characteristics. The variables of the reaction were optimized, such as pH, concentration of reagents, and response time; as well as the variables of the portable device, such as LED voltage, photodiode sensitivity, and adjustment of the measuring range by a reconfigurable electronic system. The portable device allowed the determination of hemoglobin with good sensitivity, with a detection limit of 6.2 nM and range up to 125 nM.

Evolution and fabrication of carbon dot-based room temperature phosphorescence materials

“…Realizing the final application is the value of a material. 110,126,127,[144][145][146][147][148][149][150] information encryption, 113,115,118,119,121,123,128,[151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160] sensor detection, 114,124,129,130,147,[161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174] LEDs, [175][176][177][178]…”

“…It allows significantly increased time to visualize cell states, enables speedy detection, and also facilitates bioimaging and detection. Generally speaking, the RTP material based on CDs possesses huge application prospects in the field of anti-counterfeiting, 110,126,127,144–150 information encryption, 113,115,118,119,121,123,128,151–160 sensor detection, 114,124,129,130,147,161–174 LEDs, 175–179 biological imaging, 134,180,181 logic gates, 133 fluorescent ink 112,182–184 and other fields 116,117,122,185–195 with the properties of DF, TADF, long afterglow life and adjustable afterglow color.…”

“…It allows signicantly increased time to visualize cell states, enables speedy detection, and also facilitates bioimaging and detection. Generally speaking, the RTP material based on CDs possesses huge application prospects in the eld of anti-counterfeiting, 110,126,127,144-150 information encryption,113,115,118,119,121,123,128,[151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160] sensor detection,114,124,129,130,147,[161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174]…”

Bioelectrocatalysis of Hemoglobin on Electrodeposited Ag Nanoflowers toward H2O2 Detection

“…The direct electrochemistry of proteins immobilized on an electrode surface has been studied as a way to sensitively detect H 2 O 2 without the need for an additional electron transfer mediator. Earlier studies have reported the immobilization of Hb on various electrode surfaces, such as glassy carbon electrodes [ 24 ], metal oxides [ 25 ], nanoparticles [ 26 ], carbon dots [ 27 ], and graphene [ 28 ], for achieving direct electron transfer toward sensing applications. However, there is a constant quest to achieve more efficient biosensors, i.e., characterized by better sensitivity and shorter response times, by employing minimal fabrication steps.…”