Portable Microwave Reflectometry System for Skin Sensing

Cataldo, Andrea; Benedetto, Egidio De; Schiavoni, Raissa; Monti, Giuseppina; Tedesco, Annarita; Masciullo, Antonio; Piuzzi, Emanuele; Tarricone, Luciano

doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3154804

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Soft and flexible IMU sensors might be another solution [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Placing some soft and flexible IMU sensors on body during the fast and complex motor skills may not affect athletes’ performance too much.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wearable-Sensor System with AI Technology for Real-Time Biomechanical Feedback Training in Hammer Throw

Wang

Shan

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Developing real-time biomechanical feedback systems for in-field applications will transfer human motor skills’ learning/training from subjective (experience-based) to objective (science-based). The translation will greatly improve the efficiency of human motor skills’ learning and training. Such a translation is especially indispensable for the hammer-throw training which still relies on coaches’ experience/observation and has not seen a new world record since 1986. Therefore, we developed a wearable wireless sensor system combining with artificial intelligence for real-time biomechanical feedback training in hammer throw. A framework was devised for developing such practical wearable systems. A printed circuit board was designed to miniaturize the size of the wearable device, where an Arduino microcontroller, an XBee wireless communication module, an embedded load cell and two micro inertial measurement units (IMUs) could be inserted/connected onto the board. The load cell was for measuring the wire tension, while the two IMUs were for determining the vertical displacements of the wrists and the hip. After calibration, the device returned a mean relative error of 0.87% for the load cell and the accuracy of 6% for the IMUs. Further, two deep neural network models were built to estimate selected joint angles of upper and lower limbs related to limb coordination based on the IMUs’ measurements. The estimation errors for both models were within an acceptable range, i.e., approximately ±12° and ±4°, respectively, demonstrating strong correlation existed between the limb coordination and the IMUs’ measurements. The results of the current study suggest a remarkable novelty: the difficulty-to-measure human motor skills, especially in those sports involving high speed and complex motor skills, can be tracked by wearable sensors with neglect movement constraints to the athletes. Therefore, the application of artificial intelligence in a wearable system has shown great potential of establishing real-time biomechanical feedback training in various sports. To our best knowledge, this is the first practical research of combing wearables and machine learning to provide biomechanical feedback in hammer throw. Hopefully, more wearable biomechanical feedback systems integrating artificial intelligence would be developed in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wearable-Sensor System with AI Technology for Real-Time Biomechanical Feedback Training in Hammer Throw

Wang

Shan

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…At microwave frequencies, fields can penetrate into the dermis and hypodermis layers where more blood vessels and sweat glands exist. A coplanar electrode was used for hydration monitoring with wet and dry skins measured at resonant frequencies of 367 and 302 MHz in reflectometry [469]. A disposable and conformable paper-based patch antenna made of copper foil was demonstrated for sweat monitoring [470].…”

Section: ) Hydration Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Microwaves in Medicine

Chiao

Lin

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Microw.

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Advances and updates in medical applications utilizing microwave techniques and technologies are reviewed in this paper. The article aims to provide an overview of enablers for microwave medical applications and their recent progress. The emphasis focuses on the applications of microwaves, in the following order, for 1) signal and data communication for implants and wearables through the human body, 2) electromagnetic energy transfer through tissues, 3) noninvasive, remote or in situ physical and biochemical sensing, and 4) therapeutic purposes by changing tissue properties with controlled thermal effects. For signal and data communication and wireless power transfer, implant and wearable applications are discussed in the categories of pacemakers, endoscopic capsules, brain interfaces, intraocular, cardiac and intracranial pressure sensors, neurostimulators, endoluminal implants, artificial retina, smart lenses, and cochlear implants. For noninvasive sensing, remote vital sign radar, biological cell probing, magnetic resonance and microwave imaging, biochemical, blood glucose, hydration and biomarker sensing applications are introduced. For therapeutic uses, the developments of microwave ablation, balloon angioplasty, and hyperthermia applications are reviewed. The scopes of this article mainly concentrate on the research and development efforts in the past 20 years. Recent review articles on specific topics are cited with accomplishment highlights and trends deliberated. At the end of this article, a brief history of the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) Biological Effects and Medical Applications committee and the contributions by its members to the promotion and advancement of microwave technologies in medical fields are chronicled.

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“…Pre-assembled units are available from at least one supplier in each of a number of places in Asia, Europe, and the USA. [1] These machines are already used for educational [2,3], amatuer/ham radio [4], and applied engineering [5,6,7,8] purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%