“…The concept of fundamental strength developed in the literature, often without being called so. Many practical applications of using fundamental analysis this way can be found in the following works: Hagstrom, 2007;Tarczyński, Łuniewska, 2004;Arnold, 2010;Navellier, 2007;Mauldin, 2007;Blajer-Gołębiewska, 2012;2014;Mrzygłód, Nowak, 2013;Bodie, Kane, Marcus, 2014;Arnott, Hsu, West, 2008;Edirisinghe, Zhang, 2008;Ou, Penman, 1989;Piotroski, 2000;Holthausen, Larckrer, 1992;Abad, Thore, Laffarga, 2004. Please note that the fundamental force is composed of two kinds of factors: 1) external -macroeconomic data coming from the economy; 2) internal -microeconomic information from the companies.…”