Positioning Method of Mobile Nodes Supported by Anchors Outside of Walls

Abstract

This is a discussion document for the IEEE document of the IEEE 802.15.4a channel modeling subgroup. It provides models for the following frequency ranges and environments: for UWB channels dovering the frequency range from 2 to 10 GHz, it covers indoor residential, indoor office, industrial, outdoor, and open outdoor environments (usually with a distinction between LOS and NLOS properties). For the frequency range from 2 to 6 GHz, it gives a model for body area networks. For the frequency range from 100 to 900 MHz, it gives a model for indoor office-type environments. Finally, for a 1MHz carrier frequency, a narrowband model is given. The document also provides MATLAB programs and numerical values for 100 impulse response realizations in each environment. in Appendix B, and general procedures for the measurement and the evaluation of the data, as recommended by the modeling subgroup are contained in Appendix C. B. Environments From the "call for applications", we derived a number of environments in which 802.15.4a devices should be operating. This list is not comprehensive, and cannot cover all possible future applications; however, it should be sufficient for the evaluation of the model: 1) Indoor residential: these environments are critical for "home entworking", linking different applicances, as well as danger (fire, smoke) sensors over a relatively small area. The building structures of residential environments are characterized by small units, with indoor walls of reasonable thickness. 2) Indoor office: for office environments, some of the rooms are comparable in size to residential, but other rooms (especially cubicle areas, laboratories, etc.) are considerably larger. Areas with many small offices are typically linked by long corridors. Each of the offices typically contains furniture, bookshelves on the walls, etc., which adds to the attenuation given by the (typically thin) office partitionings. 3) Industrial environments: are characterized by larger enclosures (factory halls), filled with a large number of metallic reflectors. This is ancticipated to lead to severe multipath. 4) Body-area network (BAN): communication between devices located on the body, e.g., for medical sensor communications, "wearable" cellphones, etc. Due to the fact that the main scatterers is in the nearfield of the antenna, and the generally short distances, the channel model can be anticipated to be quite different from the other environments. 5) Outdoor. While a large number of different outdoor scenarios exist, the current model covers only a suburban-like microcell scenario, with a rather small range. 6) Agricultural areas/farms: for those areas, few propagation obstacles (silos, animal pens), with large dististances in between, are present. Delay spread can thus be anticipated to be smaller than in other environments Remark 1: another important environments are disaster areas, like propagation through avalanches in the model, for the recovery of victims. Related important applications would include propagation through rubble...