Positron Emission Tomography After Ischemic Brain Injury: Current Challenges and Future Developments

Wang, Zhuoran; Mascarenhas, Conrad; Jia, Xiaofeng

doi:10.1007/s12975-019-00765-0

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…The cerebellum was chosen as reference region since it was not affected by the operational process as well as since it did not show significant differences in the [ 18 F]FDG uptake within the cerebellum of similarly comparable neurological studies ( Putzu et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2020 ). In consequence of the low number of PET images per group, the three-way comparison of the UR was statistically analyzed for each region using the non-parametric friedman test ( friedman.m ) provided by Matlab.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Semi-Automated, Preclinical, MRI-Template Based PET Image Data Analysis Tool for Rodents

Schadt

Israel

Samnick

2021

Front. Neuroinform.

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AimIn PET imaging, the different types of radiotracers and accumulations, as well as the diversity of disease patterns, make the analysis of molecular imaging data acquired in vivo challenging. Here, we evaluate and validate a semi-automated MRI template-based data analysis tool that allows preclinical PET images to be aligned to a self-created PET template. Based on the user-defined volume-of-interest (VOI), image data can then be evaluated using three different semi-quantitative parameters: normalized activity, standardized uptake value, and uptake ratio.Materials and MethodsThe nuclear medicine Data Processing Analysis tool (NU_DPA) was implemented in Matlab. Testing and validation of the tool was performed using two types of radiotracers in different kinds of stroke-related brain diseases in rat models. The radiotracers used are 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG), a metabolic tracer with symmetrical distribution in brain, and [68Ga]Ga-Fucoidan, a target-selective radioligand specifically binding to p-selectin. After manual image import, the NU_DPA tool automatically creates an averaged PET template out of the acquired PET images, to which all PET images are then aligned onto. The added MRI template-based information, resized to the lower PET resolution, defines the VOI and also allows a precise subdivision of the VOI into individual sub-regions. The aligned PET images can then be evaluated semi-quantitatively for all regions defined in the MRI atlas. In addition, a statistical analysis and evaluation of the semi-quantitative parameters can then be performed in the NU_DPA tool.ResultsUsing ischemic stroke data in Wistar rats as an example, the statistical analysis of the tool should be demonstrated. In this [18F]FDG-PET experiment, three different experimental states were compared: healthy control state, ischemic stroke without electrical stimulation, ischemic stroke with electrical stimulation. Thereby, statistical data evaluation using the NU_DPA tool showed that the glucose metabolism in a photothrombotic lesion can be influenced by electrical stimulation.ConclusionOur NU_DPA tool allows a very flexible data evaluation of small animal PET data in vivo including statistical data evaluation. Using the radiotracers [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-Fucoidan, it was shown that the semi-automatic MRI-template based data analysis of the NU_DPA tool is potentially suitable for both metabolic radiotracers as well as target-selective radiotracers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Semi-Automated, Preclinical, MRI-Template Based PET Image Data Analysis Tool for Rodents

Schadt

Israel

Samnick

2021

Front. Neuroinform.

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“…Despite significant improvement in functional outcome with the NSC therapy, there is no significant difference between the two groups in in survival rate or cumulative survival time. This is possibly due to small sample size with limited power, limited observation time (72 h after resuscitation), and/or the brain microenvironment post-ischemic injury with increased neuroinflammation [36], resulting in neuronal cell death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracerebroventricular Administration of hNSCs Improves Neurological Recovery after Cardiac Arrest in Rats

Wang

Lachance

et al. 2020

Stem Cell Rev and Rep

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Irreversible brain injury and neurological dysfunction induced by cardiac arrest (CA) have long been a clinical challenge due to lack of effective therapeutic interventions to reverse neuronal loss and prevent secondary reperfusion injury. The neuronal regenerative potential of neural stem cells (NSCs) provides a possible solution to this clinical deficit. We investigated the neuronal recovery potential of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) xenotransplantation after CA in rats and the effects of transplanted NSCs on the proliferation and migration of endogenous NSCs. Outcome measures included neurological functional recovery measured by neurological deficit score (NDS), electrophysiologic analysis of EEG, and assessment of proliferation and migration at the cellular level and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway at the molecular level. Neurological functional assessment based on aggregate neurological deficit score (NDS) showed better recovery of function after hNSCs therapy (P < 0.05). Tracking of stem cells' proliferation with Ki67 antibody suggested that the NSCs group had more prominent proliferation compared to control group (number of Ki67+ cells, Control VS. NSC: 89.0 ± 31.6 VS. 352.7 ± 97.3, P < 0.05). In addition, cell migration tracked by Dcx antibody showed more Dcx + cells migrated to the far distance zone from SVZ in the treatment group (P < 0.05). Further immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the expression of the Wnt signaling pathway protein (β-catenin) was upregulated in the NSC group (P < 0.05). ICV delivery of hNSCs promotes endogenous NSC proliferation and migration and ultimately enhances neuronal survival and neurological functional recovery. Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be involved in the initiation and maintenance of this enhancement.

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“…CA is directly linked to fetal development stage and is well-established in healthy neonates. 91 However, it is impaired in children with HIE which can make the brain susceptible to abrupt systematic blood pressure changes. 133 Cerebral autoregulation can be measured with TCD by determining changes in flow velocities in static or dynamic status.…”

Section: Cerebral Autoregulation In Neonates With Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Blood Flow of the Neonatal Brain after Hypoxic–Ischemic Injury

et al. 2021

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Objective Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in infants can have long-term adverse neurodevelopmental effects and markedly reduce quality of life. Both the initial hypoperfusion and the subsequent rapid reperfusion can cause deleterious effects in brain tissue. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) assessment in newborns with HIE can help detect abnormalities in brain perfusion to guide therapy and prognosticate patient outcomes. Study Design The review will provide an overview of the pathophysiological implications of CBF derangements in neonatal HIE, current and emerging techniques for CBF quantification, and the potential to utilize CBF as a physiologic target in managing neonates with acute HIE. Conclusion The alterations of CBF in infants during hypoxia-ischemia have been studied by using different neuroimaging techniques, including nitrous oxide and xenon clearance, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, arterial spin labeling MRI, 18F-FDG positron emission tomography, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), functional NIRS, and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. Consensus is lacking regarding the clinical significance of CBF estimations detected by these different modalities. Heterogeneity in the imaging modality used, regional versus global estimations of CBF, time for the scan, and variables impacting brain perfusion and cohort clinical characteristics should be considered when translating the findings described in the literature to routine practice and implementation of therapeutic interventions. Key Points

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Positron Emission Tomography After Ischemic Brain Injury: Current Challenges and Future Developments

Cited by 26 publications

References 159 publications

Development and Validation of a Semi-Automated, Preclinical, MRI-Template Based PET Image Data Analysis Tool for Rodents

Development and Validation of a Semi-Automated, Preclinical, MRI-Template Based PET Image Data Analysis Tool for Rodents

Intracerebroventricular Administration of hNSCs Improves Neurological Recovery after Cardiac Arrest in Rats

Cerebral Blood Flow of the Neonatal Brain after Hypoxic–Ischemic Injury

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