POSS-functionalized graphene oxide hybrids with improved dispersive and smoke-suppressive properties for epoxy flame-retardant application

Synthesis of a novel organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant based on Ca(H2PO4)2 and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and its performance in polyvinyl alcohol

“…From Figure 2, the absorption peaks at 1083 cm −1 could be assigned to the stretching vibrational absorptions of PO 4 2– , 9,20 which exists in the spectra of the FTIR of Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 , Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ‐g, and Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 @HCCP at the same time. In addition, the absorption peaks of Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ‐g and Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 @HCCP at 781 and 1610 cm −1 belong to the stretching vibrational absorptions of SiOCa bond and NH 2 , severally 29 . Which convincingly proves that the KH550 was grafted onto the surface of Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 by forming SiOCa bond.…”

“…The binding energy at 530, 399, 345, and 284.6 eV are assigned to the O1s, N1s, Ca1s, and C1s, respectively 17 . The peaks of P2p are at 189 and 132 eV, and peaks at 156 and 130 eV are assigned to the Si2p 29 . The following conclusions were drawn from Figure 3, that Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 is composed of Ca, P, O elements; Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ‐g includes C, N, Ca, P, O, and Si; and Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 @HCCP contains C, N, Ca, P, O, and Si elements which accord with the theoretical results.…”

“…40 The absorption peak of Si O stretching vibration is seated at 1232 cm −1 , this suggests that the SiO 2 could present in the char layer. 29,41 3.5 | The possible mechanism of Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 @HCCP/PVA composites Based on the analysis of the above experimental results, a reasonable flame retardant mechanism of Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 @HCCP/PVA composite membrane is proposed in Figure 11. In the initial stage of combustion, the Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 @HCCP removes part of the heat in the form of water loss, thereby reducing the temperature of the PVA substrate and delaying heat transfer.…”

“…Subsequently, in the gas phase, the PO 2 Á, POÁ, and PÁ radicals emitted by Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 @HCCP quench the HÁ and HOÁ radicals released by PVA to cut off fire. 10,29 The N 2 , NH 3 , and NO x generated by Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 @HCCP dilute the concentration of flammable gasses and oxygen to prevent PVA composites from burning. 17 In the condensed phase, on the one hand, the phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, and pyrophosphate produced by the decomposition of Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 @HCCP are conducive to catalyzing the carbonization of PVA.…”

Flame retardancy and pyrolysis behavior of an epoxy resin composite flame‐retarded by diphenylphosphinyl‐POSS

“…Epoxy resin (EP) is an important thermosetting plastic material because of its excellent adhesion performance, thermal stability and chemical resistance, and so forth. [1][2][3][4][5] Unfortunately, its flammability is a destructive shortcoming in some applications. [6][7][8][9] Hence, EP needs to be modified with flame retardants (FRs) to meet the requirements of fire protection.…”