Possibilities of Multislice Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Atheroclerotic Lesions of the Main Vessels for Type 2 Diabetes and Other Variants Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Abstract

Purpose: Study of structural and morphological features of atherosclerotic lesions of large main vessels (carotid arteries) in
 type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 Material and methods: The study included 78 patients. Exclusion criteria: age under 40 years, pregnancy, acute infectious
 diseases, as well as chronic diseases within less than 2 weeks from the onset of complete clinical and laboratory remission, severe
 cardiac (LVEF < 30 %) and renal (blood creatinine > 300 mmol/l) insufficiency, alcohol abuse or drug dependence.
 There were 44 men (56.4 %) and 34 women (43.6 %) in the group surveyed. Coronary heart disease was detected in 54 (69.2 %)
 individuals, 24 (30.8 %) of the examined individuals had no signs of coronary heart disease; 19 (24.4 %) people had a history of stroke,
 18 (23 %) people — myocardial infarction. 42 people (53.8 %) had dyscirculatory encephalopathy of various degrees, 34 (43.6 %) had
 hypertension, 42 patients had carbohydrate metabolism disorders, 12 (15.3 %) patients had type 2 diabetes, and 30 (38.4 %) patients
 had metabolic syndrome.
 Three groups of subjects were formed. The group of people without metabolic syndrome included 48 people (61.5 % of the
 total number of examined). The group of people with metabolic syndrome without type 2 diabetes included 18 individuals (23.1 %
 of the total number of examined). The group of people with type 2 diabetes included 12 individuals (15.4 % of the total number of
 examined).
 The examination of patients included: physical examination; laboratory diagnostics; electrocardiography; transthoracic
 echocardiography; multislice computed tomography with angiocontrast.
 Results: 78 patients were found to have different density of atherosclerotic plaques. There were no differences in volume
 among the groups of people surveyed. In patients with type 2 diabetes, there is a decrease in the lipid-fibrous component and an
 increase in the density of atherosclerotic plaque.
 Conclusion: Multislice computed tomography can detect various forms of vascular damage, the progression of the process, and
 assess the severity of structural and morphological manifestations of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome
 at an early stage.