Possible Antiviral Activity of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (Feline Coronavirus) Infection

Takano, Tomomi; Satoh, Kumi; Doki, Tomoyoshi

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.647189

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…ALA may have other modes of action against babesia parasites other than that against malaria parasites. The antiviral activity of ALA against feline infectious peritonitis virus with unidentified factors other than oxidative stress has been reported [13]. The mice administered ALA alone showed significantly lower parasitemia than that of the control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 5-Aminolevulenic Acid Plus Ferrous Ion for Its Potential to Improve Symptoms of Bovine Babesiosis

et al. 2021

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5-aminolevulenic acid (ALA), an endogenous, non-proteinogenic, naturally occurring amino acid found in diverse organisms, is a precursor of heme biosynthesis. For apicomplexan protozoan parasites, an ALA and sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) combination was previously evaluated and suggested as a potential drug candidate for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of this combination against bovine babesiosis. ALA administration at 100 and 500 µM coupled with 10 µM SFC in culture medium significantly inhibited intraerythrocytic development and growth of Babesia bovis, which causes cerebral babesiosis in cattle, under in vitro culture. However, administration of 10 µM SFC only in the medium did not inhibit parasite growth. ALA/SFC was efficacious in treating babesiosis in an experimental animal model with B. microti, which causes debilitating babesiosis in mice. Female BALB/c mice were infected with B. microti and administered a single oral dose of ALA/SFC combination daily in different concentrations for 30 days. Treatment with ALA/SFC at 4/0.4 mg/kg body weight significantly suppressed parasite development in the mice blood circulation and resulted in significantly lower parasitemia. Moreover, body weight loss in the mice has been improved significantly compared with the control group at the peak of parasitemia. Treated mice showed moderate decreases in red blood cell count, hemoglobin value, and hematocrit compared with those observed in the control group, indicating an effect in moderating progressive anemia. These findings suggested the potential of ALA/SFC to achieve symptomatic improvement against bovine babesiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 5-Aminolevulenic Acid Plus Ferrous Ion for Its Potential to Improve Symptoms of Bovine Babesiosis

et al. 2021

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“…The viral growth of vALD-A76 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1 with supplementation of the compounds was investigated (Figure 1). Based on the evaluation of EC 50 against CSFV and other previous studies against coronaviruses [9,10], the final concentrations of 5-ALA and SFC were determined to be 1 and 0.25 mM, respectively. To investigate which step of virus infection 5-ALA and other compounds showed antiviral effects, SK-L cells were supplemented with compounds in pre-treatment, simultaneous, or post-treatment conditions.…”

Section: In Vitro Growth Kinetics Of Csfv With Supplementation Of 5-a...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Without sufficient ferrous ions, PPIX is not further converted but exported outside the cell by an ATP-binding cassette G (ABCG) transporter, whereas a portion of PPIX accumulates in the cell [8]. Recently, in vitro antiviral effects of 5-ALA against feline infectious peritonitis virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported [9,10], although its antiviral mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Several studies hypothesized that the antiviral effects of metal complexes of protoporphyrin, heme, and HO-1 contribute to the antiviral effects of 5-ALA against several viral pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Phosphate against Classical Swine Fever Virus: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

et al. 2022

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The inhibitory effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid phosphate (5-ALA), an important amino acid for energy production in the host, against viral infections were previously reported. Here, the antiviral effects of 5-ALA against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) belonging to the genus Pestivirus in the Flaviviridae family and its possible mechanisms were investigated. CSFV replication was suppressed in swine cells supplemented with 5-ALA or its metabolite, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). The infectivity titer of CSFV was decreased after mixing with PPIX extracellularly. In addition, the activities of the replication cycle were decreased in the presence of PPIX based on the CSFV replicon assay. These results showed that PPIX exerted antiviral effects by inactivating virus particles and inhibiting the replication cycle. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of 5-ALA, pigs were supplemented daily with 5-ALA for 1 week before virus inoculation and then inoculated with a virulent CSFV strain at the 107.0 50% tissue culture infectious dose. The clinical scores of the supplemented group were significantly lower than those of the nonsupplemented group, whereas the virus growth was not. Taken together, 5-ALA showed antiviral effects against CSFV in vitro, and PPIX played a key role by inactivating virus particles extracellularly and inhibiting the replication cycle intracellularly.

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“…One of the changes between the baseline Strategy A and the recommended strategies in Figures 4-5 is that subject headings from lower in the hierarchy are used, for example "SARS-CoV-2" and "COVID-19" instead of exploding "Coronavirinae" or "Coronavirus infection". This increases specificity by reducing the number of results about other coronaviruses such as MERS, feline coronavirus (Takano, Satoh, & Doki, 2021) or porcine delta coronavirus (Gao et al, 2020). Consequently, the strategy does not retrieve references on MERS, SARS-CoV-1 or animal coronaviruses outside of the NICE remit, but it does allow for references that discuss them with COVID-19 to be retrieved.…”

Section: Other Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The NICE COVID-19 search strategy for Ovid MEDLINE and Embase: developing and maintaining a strategy to support rapid guidelines

Levay

Finnegan

2021

Preprint

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Introduction The United Kingdom's (UK) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) needs access to evidence on COVID-19 to develop rapid guidelines for healthcare professionals. This paper reports on how the NICE COVID-19 search strategy for identifying references in Ovid MEDLINE and Embase has been developed and maintained. Methods Each free-text line from the June 2020 version of the NICE COVID-19 search strategy was categorised as Critical, High, Medium, Low or Zero priority, according to the number of results and their relevance to NICE. Five search options were devised and tested by combining them with a search for drug treatments. The two prioritised options were compared to the COVID-19 Limit available in Ovid. New subject headings were tested and added. The selected option was refined to make the strategy simpler to use. Results The updated strategy combines free-text terms, categorised as Critical, High and Medium priority for NICE, with appropriate subject headings. Discussion The paper describes the challenges of maintaining a search strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic, as terminology continues to evolve. Conclusions A search strategy for identifying COVID-19 references, within the remit of NICE, has been developed. The recommended strategy could be considered for validation at an appropriate point in the pandemic. It is hoped that understanding how NICE has maintained its COVID-19 strategy will encourage further discussion on the challenges.

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Possible Antiviral Activity of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (Feline Coronavirus) Infection

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Evaluation of 5-Aminolevulenic Acid Plus Ferrous Ion for Its Potential to Improve Symptoms of Bovine Babesiosis

Evaluation of 5-Aminolevulenic Acid Plus Ferrous Ion for Its Potential to Improve Symptoms of Bovine Babesiosis

Antiviral Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Phosphate against Classical Swine Fever Virus: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

The NICE COVID-19 search strategy for Ovid MEDLINE and Embase: developing and maintaining a strategy to support rapid guidelines

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