Possible causes for decreased susceptibility of children to coronavirus

Zhu, Li; Lü, Xiaoqing; Chen, Lu

doi:10.1038/s41390-020-0892-8

Cited by 48 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Thus, the immune response of children to these betacoronaviruses may differ from that of adults. It has been hypothesized that one factor contributing to the relative paucity of severe disease in children may be a higher percentage of CD4 T cells (26). This is consistent with the idea that the immune systems of children may contain SARS-CoV-2 more efficiently, leading to less damage.…”

Section: Covid-19 From the Perspective Of The Drfsupporting

confidence: 68%

Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the Damage-Response Framework

Pirofski

Casadevall

2020

mBio

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ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents the medical community with a significant challenge. COVID-19 is an entirely new disease with disparate clinical manifestations that are difficult to reconcile with a single pathogenic principle. Here, we explain how the flexible paradigm of the “damage-response framework” (DRF) of microbial pathogenesis can organize the varied manifestations of COVID-19 into a synthesis that accounts for differences in susceptibility of vulnerable populations as well as for differing manifestations of COVID-19 disease. By focusing on mechanisms of host damage, particularly immune-mediated damage, the DRF provides a lens to understand COVID-19 pathogenesis and to consider how potential therapies could alter the outcome of this disease.

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Section: Covid-19 From the Perspective Of The Drfsupporting

confidence: 68%

Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the Damage-Response Framework

Pirofski

Casadevall

2020

mBio

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“…In this issue of the journal, Zhu et al have looked for reasons that children have relatively milder illness. 6 Alterations in immune function and crucial receptors in the RAS are implicated. The virus uses the ACE2 receptor to invade cells, which is the same receptor as that for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract.…”

Section: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (Ace2) Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in children and altered inflammatory responses

2020

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“…We are yet to fully understand why children seem to be less susceptible to severe infection compared to adults [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Characteristics in the United States from a Large Global Health Research Network

Desai¹,

Mills

DeLozier

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Background Few reports have been published on the clinical presentation of pediatric patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We aim to shed more light on the clinical presentation of pediatric patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and also potential risk factors for more severe clinical case presentation. Methods We used a large global health research network to gather clinical data extracted from the electronic medical records of pediatric patients aged < 18 years with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 from January 1, 2020 to May 7, 2020. Clinical symptoms at presentation, hospitalization status, associated co-morbidities, and treatments received were reviewed. Results A total of 627 patients with COVID-19 diagnosis (334 were outpatient, 293 were inpatient) were included from a total of 20 organizations across the United States. The mean age of patients was seven years, 48% were females. Inpatients were younger than outpatients (mean age of 5.6 years vs 8.2 years, p<0.001). Sixty-one percent of patients in the inpatient group were < 5 years of age vs. 44% in the outpatient group. Amongst 293 inpatients, 90% (n=265) were non-severe and 10% (n=28) were classified as severe. The percentage of patients <5 years was higher in severe inpatients vs. non-severe (71% vs 60%.) Significantly more patients with a severe illness vs. non-severe illness had a history of co-morbidity including non-congenital heart disease (50% vs 11%, p<0.001) and disease of the respiratory system (86% vs 53%, p< 0.001). Conclusion Clinicians should closely monitor young children with underlying conditions and COVID-19, as they may be more likely to be hospitalized and have a higher severity of the disease.

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Possible causes for decreased susceptibility of children to coronavirus

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the Damage-Response Framework

Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the Damage-Response Framework

COVID-19 in children and altered inflammatory responses

Pediatric Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Characteristics in the United States from a Large Global Health Research Network

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