Possible Interrelationships between Fungal Groups

Savile, D. B. O.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-2744-3.50032-8

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This genus was previously placed in the family Auriculariaceae in the class Hymenomycetes (McNabb, 1973). This suggests the need for further reconsideration of the phylogenetic hypotheses concerning the origin of rust fungi, as proposed by many authors (Donk, 1972(Donk, , 1973Hennen and Buritica, 1980;Hiratsuka and Sato, 1982;Leppik, 1961;Petersen, 1974;Savile, 1955Savile, , 1968.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Ando (1984), however, hypothesized that Milesina was the most primitive of these three genera, based mainly on spermogonial and telial morphology. Savile (1955Savile ( , 1968 also speculated that the rusts were derived from Taphrina-like ancestors parasitizing ancient ferns or fern ancestors. Leppik (1961 ) and Donk (1972Donk ( , 1973, on the other hand, speculated that the rusts evolved from parasitic Auriculariales.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Phylogenetic positions of rust fungi parasitic on ferns: Evidence from 18S rDNA sequence analysis

et al. 1999

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Molecular phylogenetic analyses of fern rusts were carried out based on 18S rDNA sequences. We sequenced the 18S rDNAs of fern rusts (Hyalopsora polypodii and Uredinopsis intermedia) and non-fern rusts (Aecidium epimedii, Coleosporium asterum, Ochropsora kraunhiae, Puccinia suzutake and Physopella ampelopsidis) and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships with other members of the Urediniomycetes. Our bootstrapped neighbor-joining tree obtained from these analyses showed that rust fungi were apparently monophyletic at high confidence level (100% bootstrap confidence). In this molecular phylogenetic tree, the two fern rusts did not occupy the basal position within the rust fungal lineage and did not form a monophyletic lineage. Two species of the Cronartiaceae (Peridermium harknessii, Cronartium ribicola) and one species of the Coleosporiaceae (Coleosporium asterum) grouped with the fern rusts. Therefore, our results suggested that the two fern rusts were not primitive. On the other hand, Mixia osmundae, which is parasitic on the primitive fern Osmunda, was phylogenetically far from the fern rusts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Phylogenetic positions of rust fungi parasitic on ferns: Evidence from 18S rDNA sequence analysis

et al. 1999

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“…Numerous hypotheses on phylogeny and evolution of the higher fungi, i.e., the ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and their anamorphs, have been proposed (for references, see Bessey, 1942;Demoulin, 1974;Kramer, 1987;Savile, 1955Savile, , 1968Tehler, 1988). Among these, Savile's phylogenetic considerations of higher fungi (1955,1968) have attracted the attention of a lot of mycologists, including me, over 40yr as a logical hypothesis.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Divergence Of Ascomycetes and Their Anamorphsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Among these, Savile's phylogenetic considerations of higher fungi (1955,1968) have attracted the attention of a lot of mycologists, including me, over 40yr as a logical hypothesis. Savile (1968) suggested that Taphrina was the closest survivor of the common ancestor of the higher fungi. He suspected that two major lineages evolved from "Prototaphrina" a common ancestor.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Divergence Of Ascomycetes and Their Anamorphsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As pointed out by Bruns et al (1991 ), "their simple and frequently convergent morphology, their lack of a useful fossil record, and their diversity have been major impediments to progress in this field." In the past, phylogenetic speculation of the fungi was based mainly on comparative analyses of morphological, ontogenetical, and biochemical data (e.g., Bartnicki-Garcia, 1970Bessey, 1942;Demoulin, 1974;G~iumann, 1952;L~John, 1971L~John, , 1974Ragan and Chapman, 1978;Savile, 1968;Vogel, 1964). Kimura's neutral theory of molecular evolution impacted studies of the phylogeny and evolution (Kimura, 1968(Kimura, , 1980(Kimura, , 1983.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Relatedness, phylogeny, and evolution of the fungi

Sugiyama

1998

Mycoscience

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"Traditional studies of evolution have amply demonstrated that evolution at the phenotypic level is characterized by adaptation and opportunism, irregularity in pace, and inequality of rates among lineages. In contrast, studies of molecular evolution have revealed quite different features characterized by changes that are conservative in nature, random in pattern (independent of phenotypic characters), and quite regular in pace with equal rates among diverge [sic] lineages for a given protein". (Kimura, M. 1983. The neutral theory of molecular evolution, pp. 308-309, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.) Accepted for publication 2 November 1998Recent advances in fungal systematics are reviewed in relation to our previous studies. The usefulness of the integrated analysis of genotypic (especially 18S rRNA gene sequence comparisons) and phenotypic (especially ultrastructural and chemotaxonomic data) characters has been emphasized for the major groups and selected taxa of the fungi, and the impact to fungal systematics and evolution is discussed. Our noteworthy studies and findings are: 1) polyphyly of the chytridiomycetes and zygomycetes, 2) phylogenetic origin of the entomophthoralean fungi including Basidiobolus, 3) detection of a major new lineage "Archiascomycetes,'' comprising Taphrina, Protomyces and Saitoella, Schizosaccharomyces, and Pneumocystis, within the Ascomycota, and its phylogenetic and evolutionary significance, 4) polyphyletic origins of species in the anamorphic genus Geosmithia, and 5) phylogenetic placement of Mixia osmundae, species correctly and incorrectly assigned to the genus Taphrina, and basidiomyceotus yeasts. The newest 18S rDNA sequence-based neighbor-joining trees of the Ascomycota are demonstrated.

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Towards and Understanding of the Evolution of the Downy Mildews

Dick¹

Advances in Downy Mildew Research

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PeronosporalesObligate parasites of dicotyledons (very rarely monocotyledons). Thallus mycelial and intercellular with haustoria; zoosporogenesis, when present, by internal cleavage, otherwise asexual reproduction by deciduous conidiosporangia; conidiosporangiophores well-differentiated, persistent; oogonia thin-walled, oospore single, aplerotic with a well-defined exospore wall layer derived from persistent periplasm. Possibility that all are dependent on exogenous sources of sterols. Peronosporaceae: Myceliar fungi with large, lobate haustoria. Asexual reproduction by deciduous PythialesParasites or saprotrophs; parasites mostly in axenic culture. Some members parasitic on fungi and some on animals. Thallus mycelial with little evidence of cytoplasmic streaming; zoosporangium formation terminal, less frequently sequential, then percurrent or by internal or sympodial proliferation; sporangiophores rarely differentiated; oogonial periplasm minimal and not persistent; oospore usually single, plerotic or aplerotic. Evidence of partial dependence on exogenous sterol precursors. Pythiaceae: Thallus mycelial or monocentric and pseudomycelial; hyphae diameter;conidiosporangia or conidia borne on conidiosporangiophores; conidiosporangia pedicellate; conidiosporangiophores dichotomously branched, monopodially branched, or unbranched and clavate; conidiogenesis simultaneous; zoosporogenesis, when present, internal within a plasmamembranic membrane, zoospore release by operculate or poroid discharge. deciduous sporangia, conidiosporangia or conidia borne on unbranched conidiophores. Conidiogenesis sequential and percurrent. Zoosporogenesis internal with papillate discharge. Albuginaceae:Myceliar fungi with small, spherical or peg-like haustoria. Asexual reproduction by Genus: Albugo.zoosporogenesis either by internal cleavage without vesicular discharge or with a plasmamembranic vesicle or by external cleavage in a homohylic vesicle; oogonia (with very few exceptions) thin-walled; oospores never strictly plerotic. Aerobic metabolism. Freshwater or marine.

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Possible Interrelationships between Fungal Groups

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Phylogenetic positions of rust fungi parasitic on ferns: Evidence from 18S rDNA sequence analysis

Phylogenetic positions of rust fungi parasitic on ferns: Evidence from 18S rDNA sequence analysis

Relatedness, phylogeny, and evolution of the fungi

Towards and Understanding of the Evolution of the Downy Mildews

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