Possible particulate nitrite formation and its atmospheric implications inferred from the observations in Seoul, Korea

Song, Chul H.; Park, Mi E.; Lee, En J.; Lee, Jae H.; Lee, Bo K.; Lee, Dong-Seon; Kim, Jhoon; Han, Jin; Moon, Kyungsun; Kondo, Yutaka

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.018

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, significantly higher HONO levels (∼ 200 ppt to 2 ppb) were reported by Li et al (2012) from a rural observational site in the Pearl River Delta region near Guangzhou, where comparable NO 2 levels with TRF were observed. The high HONO levels (a few hundred ppt) especially during the daytime have been consistently reported near East Asian megacities such as Beijing , Shanghai (Hao et al, 2006), and Seoul (Song et al, 2009). Still these are limited data sets and further comprehensive analysis, especially more extensive observation, is required.…”

Section: Observational Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of isoprene and HONO chemistry on ozone and OVOC formation in a semirural South Korean forest

Kim

Lee³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Rapid urbanization and economic development in East Asia in past decades has led to photochemical air pollution problems such as excess photochemical ozone and aerosol formation. Asian megacities such as Seoul, Tokyo, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Beijing are surrounded by densely forested areas, and recent research has consistently demonstrated the importance of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vegetation in determining oxidation capacity in the suburban Asian megacity regions. Uncertainties in constraining tropospheric oxidation capacity, dominated by hydroxyl radical, undermine our ability to assess regional photochemical air pollution problems. We present an observational data set of CO, NO x , SO 2 , ozone, HONO, and VOCs (anthropogenic and biogenic) from Taehwa research forest (TRF) near the Seoul metropolitan area in early June 2012. The data show that TRF is influenced both by aged pollution and fresh biogenic volatile organic compound emissions. With the data set, we diagnose HO x (OH, HO 2 , and RO 2 ) distributions calculated using the University of Washington chemical box model (UWCM v2.1) with nearexplicit VOC oxidation mechanisms from MCM v3.2 (Master Chemical Mechanism). Uncertainty from unconstrained HONO sources and radical recycling processes highlighted in recent studies is examined using multiple model simulations with different model constraints. The results suggest that (1) different model simulation scenarios cause systematic differences in HO x distributions, especially OH levels (up to 2.5 times), and (2) radical destruction (HO 2 + HO 2 or HO 2 + RO 2 ) could be more efficient than radical recycling (RO 2 + NO), especially in the afternoon. Implications of the uncertainties in radical chemistry are discussed with respect to ozone-VOC-NO x sensitivity and VOC oxidation product formation rates. Overall, the NO x limited regime is assessed except for the morning hours (8 a.m. to 12 p.m. local standard time), but the degree of sensitivity can significantly vary depending on the model scenarios. The model results also suggest that RO 2 levels are positively correlated with oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) production that is not routinely constrained by observations. These unconstrained OVOCs can cause higher-than-expected OH loss rates (missing OH reactivity) and secondary organic aerosol formation. The series of modeling experiments constrained by observations strongly urge observational constraint of the radical pool to enable precise understanding of regional photochemical pollution problems in the East Asian megacity region.

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Section: Observational Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sartelet et al, 2012). It should be also noted that HONO has been observed at high levels in the East Asian region even in the daytime (∼ hundreds ppt; Song et al, 2009;Hao et al, 2006;Li et al, 2012). The data analysis has consistently indicated that well-known HONO sources cannot account for the observed level.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Impact of isoprene and HONO chemistry on ozone and OVOC formation in a semirural South Korean forest

Kim

Lee³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Particle nitrite measurements other than in fog and dew [He et al, 2006;Lammel and Perner, 1988;Lammel and Cape, 1996;Rubio et al, 2008;Rubio et al, 2009;Song et al, 2009] have been seldom reported, resulting in a paucity of information on particle nitrite in urban and rural environments. Furthermore, validation of such measurements with coincident HONO (g) measurements has not been undertaken.…”

Section: Intercomparison Of Hono (G) Measurements Between Aim-ic and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a nitrous acid (HONO) reservoir at the ground surface in Bakersfield, CA, during CalNex 2010

et al. 2014

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Measurements of HONO (g) were validated to be free of known interferences for wet chemical instrumentation. The accumulation of nitrite into particulate matter was found to be enhanced when gaseous mixing ratios of HONO (g) were highest. Reactive uptake of HONO (g) on to lofted dust and the ground surface, forming a reservoir, is a potential mechanism to explain these observations. The AIM-IC HONO (g) measurements were parameterized in a chemical model to calculate the ground surface daytime HONO (g) source strength at 4.5 m above the surface, found to be on the order of 1.27 ppb h À1, to determine the relative importance of a surface reservoir. If all deposited nighttime HONO (g) is reemitted the following day, up to 30% of the daytime HONO (g) source at CalNex-SJV may be accounted for. The observations of HONO (g) and NO 2 À (p) in Bakersfield, during CalNex, suggest a surface sink and source of HONO (g) . Extension of currently accepted unknown daytime HONO (g) source reactions to include a potential surface HONO (g) reservoir should therefore be sound, but quantitation of the relative contributions of each surface source toward daytime HONO (g) production remains to be resolved.

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“…The mean NO 2 values at roadsides in Seoul (60 ppb or so) and Incheon (45.4 ppb) were higher than those in other cities such as Greater Manchester in the UK (33.2 ppb), Rotterdam in the Netherlands (20.8 ppb), Munich in Germany (17.2 ppb), and Stockholm in Sweden (15.1 ppb) (Pandey et al, 2008), providing favorable atmospheric conditions for particulate nitrate formation in the atmosphere. Song et al (2009) reported that NH 3 concentrations in the Seoul atmosphere were also high, ranging from 0.7 ppbv to 13.6 ppbv with an average of (4.7±2.1) ppbv, and they attributed high concentrations of NH 3 to the catalytic converters of automobiles. Hence, it is not unexpected that the air masses passing over the Seoul-Incheon metropolis can carry a large amount of NH 4 NO 3 .…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms For the Elevation Of Nitrogencontaining mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated nitrogen-containing particles observed in Asian dust aerosol samples collected at the marine boundary layer of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis (low-Z particle EPMA) shows powerful advantages for the characterization of ambient particulate matter in environmental and geological applications. By the application of the low-Z particle EPMA single particle analysis, an overall examination of 1800 coarse and fine particles (aerodynamic diameters: 2.5-10 µm and 1.0-2.5 µm, respectively) in six samples collected on 28 April-1 May 2006 in the marine boundary layer (MBL) of the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea was conducted. Three samples (D1, D2, and D3) were collected along the Bohai Bay, Bohai Straits, and Yellow Sea near Korea during an Asian dust storm event while the other three samples (N3, N2, and N1) were collected on non-Asian dust (NAD) days. Based on X-ray spectral and secondary electron image data, 15 different types of particles were identified, in which soil-derived particles were encountered with the largest frequency, followed by (C, N, O)-rich droplets (likely the mixture of organic matter and NH 4 NO 3 ), particles of marine origin, and carbonaceous, Fe-rich, fly ash, and (C, N, O, S)-rich droplet particles. Results show that during the Asian dust storm event relative abundances of the (C, N, O)-rich droplets and the nitrate-containing secondary soil-derived particles were markedly increased (on average by a factor of 4.5 and 2, respectively in PM 2.5−10 fraction and by a factor of 1.9 and 1.5, respectively in PM 1.0−2.5 fraction) in the MBL of the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, implying that Asian dust aerosols in springtime are an important carrier of gaseous inorganic nitrogen species, especially NO x (or HNO 3 ) and NH 3 .

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Possible particulate nitrite formation and its atmospheric implications inferred from the observations in Seoul, Korea

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Impact of isoprene and HONO chemistry on ozone and OVOC formation in a semirural South Korean forest

Impact of isoprene and HONO chemistry on ozone and OVOC formation in a semirural South Korean forest

Evidence for a nitrous acid (HONO) reservoir at the ground surface in Bakersfield, CA, during CalNex 2010

Elevated nitrogen-containing particles observed in Asian dust aerosol samples collected at the marine boundary layer of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea

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