Post‐Collapse Gravity Increase at the Summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi

Poland, Michael P.; Dalfsen, Elske de Zeeuw‐van; Bagnardi, Marco; Johanson, I. A.

doi:10.1029/2019gl084901

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The greatest improvement in SSR is thus the combination of the ellipsoidal source for the SCR with a point source for the HMMR. The location, just east of Halema'uma'u crater, and depth, about 1.5 km, of the HMMR source is consistent with previous studies (e.g., Baker and Amelung, 2012;Poland et al, 2014Poland et al, , 2019Anderson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Point Source Value [Confidence Interval]supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Although common prior to 1983, intrusions beneath the summit area were rare after that time, and none had occurred since the advent of GNSS or Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), both of which can provide detailed observations of ground displacement. The 2015 episode, therefore, provides a unique opportunity to apply modern geodetic data sets and modeling techniques to improve our understanding of summit magmatism at Kīlauea, including interactions between the different parts of the magma plumbing system and the mechanisms for intrusive activity-information of vital importance as the volcano recovers from its 2018 collapse (Neal et al, 2019;Poland et al, 2019). Jo et al (2015) modeled COSMO-SkyMed InSAR data spanning the May 2015 summit intrusion and concluded that a volume change associated with the SCR explains their observations, but little other attention has been paid to this noteworthy event and its implications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Insight into the May 2015 summit inflation event at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

Bemelmans

Dalfsen

Poland

et al. 2021

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Section: Point Source Value [Confidence Interval]supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the May 2015 summit inflation event at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

Bemelmans

Dalfsen

Poland

et al. 2021

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…More interestingly, the seismicity gradually increased again within a few days back to ∼40 events per day, much higher than the pre-eruption seismicity level in March. In addition, Poland et al (2019) suggested that both uplift and spreading were observed near the Pu'u'ō'ō vent, since the end of major eruptive activity in August 2018, which is roughly the same period we observed the increase of seismicity. Both our seismic and the geodetic observations indicate the post-eruption magma reservoir refilling occurred near Pu'u'ō'ō.…”

Section: Implications For the Eruption Processsupporting

confidence: 71%

An Improved Earthquake Catalog During the 2018 Kı̄lauea Eruption From Combined Onshore and Offshore Seismic Arrays

Wei

Shen

Caplan‐Auerbach

et al. 2022

Earth and Space Science

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The Island of Hawai’i was formed by repeated eruptions of basalts at an oceanic hotspot. Kı̄lauea, the youngest among the subaerial volcanoes of the island, erupted intensely in 2018. The eruption provided an opportunity to look into the mechanisms that operate at the volcano and associated earthquake activities, as it was recorded simultaneously, for the first time, by onshore and offshore seismometers. We used most of the publicly available seismic data during the eruption period, including temporary arrays, to build a more complete earthquake catalog during the eruption than that provided by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. We used a short‐time‐average/long‐time‐average method to identify potential earthquakes. The detections were associated with events and automatically picked with P‐wave and S‐wave arrivals, which were used to locate the events in a three‐dimensional velocity model. After re‐examining these earthquake events, their coda/duration magnitudes were determined. The resulting half‐year catalog contains 375,736 events with one of the highest daily earthquake numbers ever reported (6,128 on 21 June 2018). A great number of events were recorded during the caldera collapses, from its beginning until its rapid ending. The catalog also contains abundant events near the Pu’u‘ō‘ō vent and in the lower East Rift Zone, where an increase of seismicity in mid‐July and August indicated a step‐up in magma intrusion after the eruption.

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“…Following the LERZ eruption, gradual inflation began at Kīlauea's summit, indicating continued magma recharge into the remnant shallow Halemaʻumaʻu reservoir (Poland et al 2019). Groundwater ingress into Kīlauea's vastly deepened summit caldera led to the growth of a water lake in 2019-2020 (Hsieh and Ingebritsen 2019;Ingebritsen et al 2021).…”

Section: Conclusion and Applications To Post-2018 Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling

et al. 2021

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Kīlauea Volcano's 2018 lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption produced exceptionally high lava effusion rates and record-setting SO 2 emissions. The eruption involved a diverse range of magmas, including primitive basalts sourced from Kīlauea's summit reservoirs. We analyzed LERZ matrix glasses, melt inclusions, and host minerals to identify melt volatile contents and magma storage depths. The LERZ glasses and melt inclusions span nearly the entire compositional range previously recognized at Kīlauea. Melt inclusions in Fo 86-89 olivine from the main eruptive vent (fissure 8) underwent 70-170 °C cooling during transport in LERZ carrier melts, causing extensive post-entrapment crystallization and sulfide precipitation. Many of these melt inclusions have low sulfur (400-900 ppm) even after correction for sulfide formation. CO 2 and H 2 O vapor saturation pressures indicate shallow melt inclusion trapping depths (1-5 km), consistent with formation within Kīlauea's Halemaʻumaʻu and South Caldera reservoirs. Many of these inclusions also have degassed δ 34 S values (− 1.5 to − 0.5‰). Collectively, these results indicate that some primitive melts experienced near-surface degassing before being trapped into melt inclusions. We propose that decades-to-centuries of repeated lava lake activity and lava drain-back during eruptions (e.g., 1959 Kīlauea Iki) recycled substantial volumes of degassed magma into Kīlauea's shallow reservoir system. Degassing and magma recycling from the 2008-2018 Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake likely reduced the volatile contents of LERZ fissure 8 magmas, resulting in lower fountain heights compared to many prior Kīlauea eruptions. The eruption's extreme SO 2 emissions were due to high lava effusion rates rather than particularly volatile-rich melts.

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Post‐Collapse Gravity Increase at the Summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi

Abstract: We conducted gravity surveys of the summit area of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi,

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Insight into the May 2015 summit inflation event at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

Insight into the May 2015 summit inflation event at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

An Improved Earthquake Catalog During the 2018 Kı̄lauea Eruption From Combined Onshore and Offshore Seismic Arrays

The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling

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