Post-COVID Syndrome: The Research Progress in the Treatment of Pulmonary sequelae after COVID-19 Infection

Ruggiero, Valentina; Aquino, Rita Patrizia; Gaudio, Pasquale Del; Campiglia, Pietro; Russo, Paola

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14061135

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Globally, the emergence of COVID-19 presents substantial healthcare, societal, and economic issues. Despite the fact that the majority of patients survived from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, it is usual for survivors to suffer a variety of complications after recovery ( Ruggiero et al., 2022 ). Some survivors get pulmonary fibrosis (PF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary fibrosis in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study

Deng

Song³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused substantial threats to people’s physical health and lives, claiming the lives of over 6 million people worldwide. Although the mortality rate of COVID-19 is very low, many survivors may have different degrees and various sequelae. Previous studies have shown that pulmonary fibrosis (PF) were common on discharged COVID-19 patients, and PF itself is a poor prognostic factor.Methods227 COVID-19 hospitalized patients’ clinical and laboratory data from the first 15 days following admission were collected in this retrospective study. Groups were based on with or without PF of COVID-19. Categorical variables were compared with the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Continuous variables were tested by Wilcoxon rank-sum test for the non-normal distribution. Spearman correlations were used to assess the correlations between PF with clinic parameters of multiple time points. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze for risk factors of COVID-19 patients with pulmonary fibrosis.ResultsSixty cases of COVID-19 patients were diagnosed with PF. Compared with 167 non-PF patients, those with PF were older and had higher proportions of fever, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, abdominal pain, hypertension, cardiovascular, diabetes, high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), severe disease, and virus shedding duration. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between PF and clinic parameters showed that PF were positively related to the C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and negatively correlated with hemoglobin (HGB) and albumin (ALB) at all time points in the first 15 days after admission. Moreover, We found that PF were significantly correlated with coagulation indexes prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fib) and fibrinolysis index D-Dimer at some phases. In addition, Univariate logistic regression analyses showed that age, fever, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, hypertension, cardiovascular, diabetes, HFNC, severe disease were the risk factors of COVID-19 patients with PF. However, multivariate logistic regression showed that age was the risk factor of COVID-19 patients with PF.ConclusionCombining various factors, advanced age is an independent risk factor of COVID-19 patients with PF. PF was significantly related with clinic parameter of inflammation/coagulopathy/fibrinolysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary fibrosis in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study

Deng

Song³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…12 Post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis has been declared as a worrisome sequela in surviving patients. 13 Many theories declared several causes of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. However, it is still unknown why some patients get completely recovered from such disease while others develop pulmonary fibrosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients having Lung Fibrosis after Covid-19: A Problematic Sequelae in Surviving Patients

Allahrasan¹,

Baloch²,

Yousaf³

et al. 2022

IJCRR

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Introduction: COVID-19 has infected people all over the world. By the end of November 2020, it was confirmed that about 67M people were suffering from COVID-19 and almost 1.7 million people had died due to it. The symptoms of COVID-19 had a wide range from mild upper respiratory indications to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Certain factors of COVID-19 include old age, males, hypertension, and diabetes. Aim: To detect and predict those patients who would develop lung fibrosis after Covid-19 infection as early introduction of anti-fibrotic drugs can be started. Methodology: Overall, 85 individuals were involved in this study. Patients who were having COVID-19, confirmed by PCR, were examined by follow-up MDCT. CT scan was performed and similar research was involved with some follow-up data that include residual fibrotic changes and different radiological signs. Some risk factors were predicted that were said to be the source of lung fibrosis after COVID-19. These factors include cigarette smoking, old age, CT severity score being high and mechanical ventilation in the long term. Results: The analysis of 85 patients, from which males were 43 and females were 42. Their age varied from 24 to 76 years old. A total of 30 (37.5%) individuals had a history of cigarette smoking of more than 25 cigarettes per day for more than ten years. People in the age group 60 to 76 years old had the highest commonness of getting post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. About 15 out of thirty-two patients, which is 46.2 percent, had pulmonary fibrosis. Patients of the age group 45 to 60 years had mild prevalence which is 7 out of 27 patients (25.9 percent). Conclusion: If post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis is detected early in individuals, there may be some changes to prevent such long-term complications.

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“…The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection has continued for more than two years, and many patients have died from severe pneumonia [ 14 ]. The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), pneumonia [ 14 ], the exacerbation of bronchiectasis [ 24 ], acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and pulmonary fibrosis [ 54 ] ( Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Viral Infection-induced Respiratory Diseases and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effects of medications used for viral infection-induced respiratory diseases

Yamaya

Kikuchi

Sugawara

et al. 2023

Respiratory Investigation

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Post-COVID Syndrome: The Research Progress in the Treatment of Pulmonary sequelae after COVID-19 Infection

Cited by 19 publications

References 111 publications

Pulmonary fibrosis in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study

Pulmonary fibrosis in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study

Patients having Lung Fibrosis after Covid-19: A Problematic Sequelae in Surviving Patients

Anti-inflammatory effects of medications used for viral infection-induced respiratory diseases

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