Post-Ebola Syndrome, Sierra Leone

Scott, Janet T.; Sesay, Foday; Massaquoi, Thomas; Idriss, Baimba; Sahr, Foday; Semple, Malcolm G

doi:10.3201/eid2204.151302

Cited by 91 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The most commonly reported sequelae at afebrile presentation were headache, myalgia, joint pain, and abdominal pain, which is largely consistent with reports from survivors of the 2013–15 West Africa outbreak ( 5 , 8 , 14 , 15 ). A retrospective cohort study of EVD survivors and their contacts in Uganda highlighted that long-term sequelae persist for >2 years ( 10 ), but similar evidence is lacking from the West Africa EVD outbreak, which was caused by a different virus species (Zaire).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Sequelae and Other Conditions in Ebola Virus Disease Survivors, Sierra Leone, 2015

Mohammed¹,

Vandy²,

Stretch³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Last, our review used only data contained within the medical charts; thus, we have no information about the Ebola virus viral load of survivors while they had acute EVD. Although recently published reports suggest that higher viral loads are associated with specific sequelae, such as headache or uveitis, we could not assess this ( 6 , 14 ). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequelae and Other Conditions in Ebola Virus Disease Survivors, Sierra Leone, 2015

Mohammed¹,

Vandy²,

Stretch³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Prolonged blood clotting times and increased circulating levels of D-dimers, tissue factor, thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor have been reported with filovirus infections, and substantially abnormal values for some of these factors have been associated with a fatal outcome [18][19][20][21][22][23] . Complications collectively referred to as 'post-Ebola syndrome' , including musculoskeletal pain, headache and ocular problems, have been noted in a number of survivors of filovirus infection [24][25][26][27][28][29] . In rare cases, encephalitis has also been noted [30][31][32][33] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections

Cross

Mire

Feldmann

et al. 2018

Nat Rev Drug Discov

111

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| The filoviruses -Ebola virus and Marburg virus -cause lethal haemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Filoviruses present a global health threat both as naturally acquired diseases and as potential agents of bioterrorism. In the recent 2013-2016 outbreak of Ebola virus, the most promising therapies for post-exposure use with demonstrated efficacy in the gold-standard NHP models of filovirus disease were unable to show statistically significant protection in patients infected with Ebola virus. This Review briefly discusses these failures and what has been learned from these experiences, and summarizes the current status of post-exposure medical countermeasures in development, including antibodies, small interfering RNA and small molecules. We outline how our current knowledge could be applied to the identification of novel interventions and ways to use interventions more effectively. R E V I E W SNATURE REVIEWS | DRUG DISCOVERY VOLUME 17 | JUNE 2018 | 413 © 2 0 1 8 M a c m i l l a n P u b l i s h e r s L i m i t e d , p a r t o f S p r i n g e r N a t u r e . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . AstheniaMuscular weakness. MyalgiaMuscular pain. ArthralgiaJoint pain. LeukopeniaA condition of having a low number of circulating leukocytes, including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. LymphocytopeniaA condition of having a low number of circulating leukocytes, including natural killer cells, T cells and B cells. ThrombocytopeniaA condition of having a low number of circulating thrombocytes, also known as platelets.and Ebolavirus. The Marburgvirus genus contains a single species, Marburg marburgvirus, which contains two members, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV). The Ebolavirus genus consists of five distinct species: Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV), Reston ebolavirus (RESTV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), Tai Forest ebolavirus (TAFV; previously termed 'Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus' but more commonly known as 'Ivory Coast ebolavirus') and Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV). MARV, RAVV, BDBV, SUDV and EBOV are important human pathogens, with case fatality rates often up to 90% for MARV, RAVV and EBOV, and around 55% for SUDV 8,10 . On the basis of two small outbreaks in 2007 and 2012, BDBV seems to be the least pathogenic, with a case fatality rate of about 40-48% 11,12 . In 1994, TAFV was associated with a number of deaths in chimpanzees and a single symptomatic but non-lethal human infection in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire 13,14 . RESTV is lethal for macaques but is not thought to cause disease in humans 15 . An outbreak of RESTV was reported in pigs in the Philippines in 2008; however, it remains uncertain whether the disease observed in the pigs was caused by RESTV or other agents reported to have co-infected the animals 16 . Clinical manifestationsClinical and laboratory signs of disease caused by filovirus infection are nonspecific and usually associated with an incubation period of 2-21 days (mean 4-10 days) 8,17 . Illness begins with an abrupt onset of fever, astheni...

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“…Some characteristics of convalscing patients are also summarized in the Table 3. Survivors of EVD often suffer from long term physical and mental health complications, chronic pancreatitis, colicky abdominal pain, such as musculoskeletal pain, tremors, memory loss, depression, headaches, tinnitus, hearing loss uveitis, photophobia, conjunctivitis and loss of eye sight, arising from damage to brain, eyes and joints, body parts poorly accessed by immune system (Scott et al, 2016;Vetter et al, 2016).…”

Section: Common Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ebola Virus Disease: Biology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Epidemics

Kumar¹

2017

ptinsa

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Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a highly lethal contagious disease caused by the negative RNA strand Ebola virus. Reservoired in wild forest animals of Africa, Ebola virus infects humans that come in direct contact of diseased animals and outbreaks of EVD result from person to person spread of infection. A recent EVD outbreak in West Africa has killed several thousand persons. Since Ebola infection will persist in animals, EVD epidemics are expected to continue to occur in future. Infected travellers from Africa can initiate/import outbreaks in countries of other continents. This review describes the properties of the Ebola virus and EVD, the ongoing attempts to develop diagnostics, vaccines and medicines for prevention and cure of EVD and the supportive care that saves some EVD patients. Also discussed are measures that can stop and prevent EVD outbreaks. Need for inclusion of EVD in the education, research, drug and medical equipment manufacturing programmes, of the densly populated countries such as India, is emphasised. Keywords IntroductionIn addition to chikungunya, dengue, swine flu and zika viral diseases, Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a potential public health threat of pandemic proportions for India. It is so, on account of human to human transmission of the Ebola virus via exudates of patients, absence of liscenced vaccine(s) for protection against the disease and of therapeutics for the treatment of disease, continued presence of Ebola virus in its reservoir hosts in the endemic areas of EVD, Ebola virus possessing the properties of category -A biothreat pathogen and high fatality rates in its patients. Since 1976 when EVD was first described, there have been at least 26 outbreaks of EVD in the Central and Western regions of Africa. Out of the two recent EVD outbreaks, smaller one in the Democratic Republic of Congo (WHO 2014a), the larger one in West Africa in a region comprising of Guinea, Liberia and SierraLeone (WHO 2014b) is still in progression and by July 19, 2015, about 11,269 EVD patients had died. Travelers and evacuees from the outbreak region in Africa have carried the disease to Mali, Senegal and Nigeria in Africa and to North America and Europe (en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_e11-11-2014). One infected person or animal can spread the EVD infection in crowded location(s) such that outbreaks thereafter can assume pandemicity. Unless the invasion of EVD is controlled by all-round preparedness, EVD in India, if it some how gets introduced, could rapidly become a pandemic. Preventive measures against the emerging Zika virus disease (ZVD) are being developed using those enunciated against the EVD as the model (Currie et al., 2016). research on various aspects of the EVD has been growing steadily, internationally. In the present article, some of the important information about the Ebola virus and EVD described in the current scientific literature has been summarized and discussed to serve as introduction on the subject, with the hope that it will spur greater interest and some research act...

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Post-Ebola Syndrome, Sierra Leone

Abstract: Ebola survivors experience a range of medical conditions.

Cited by 91 publications

References 9 publications

Sequelae and Other Conditions in Ebola Virus Disease Survivors, Sierra Leone, 2015

Sequelae and Other Conditions in Ebola Virus Disease Survivors, Sierra Leone, 2015

Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections

Ebola Virus Disease: Biology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Epidemics

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