Post-operative pain management in paediatric surgery at Sylvanus Olympio University Teaching Hospital, Togo

Abstract

Our study showed that post-operative pain management in paediatric surgery is often not well controlled and paediatric loco regional analgesia technique is under practiced in sub Saharan Africa.

Inpatient postoperative undesirable side effects of analgesics management: a pediatric patients and parental perspective

“…The time window observed in the included studies ranged from the day after surgery to a few days after discharge. Analgesics that were administered or prescribed to patients after surgery were acetaminophen, 11 , 17 , 24 , 25 , 27 morphine, 3 , 5 , 11 , 17 , 24 codeine, 24 , 25 meperidine, 25 hydromorphone, 3 , 25 hydrocodone, 25 oxycodone, 5 tramadol, 17 aspirin, 25 diclofenac, 11 ibuprofen, 11 and ketoprofen. 17 Tesler et al 25 found that the patients in their sample were prescribed 3.1 analgesics in the 5 days after surgery.…”

“…Analgesics that were administered or prescribed to patients after surgery were acetaminophen, 11 , 17 , 24 , 25 , 27 morphine, 3 , 5 , 11 , 17 , 24 codeine, 24 , 25 meperidine, 25 hydromorphone, 3 , 25 hydrocodone, 25 oxycodone, 5 tramadol, 17 aspirin, 25 diclofenac, 11 ibuprofen, 11 and ketoprofen. 17 Tesler et al 25 found that the patients in their sample were prescribed 3.1 analgesics in the 5 days after surgery. Side effects reported by patients were respiratory depression, 5 , 9 , 17 sedation, 5 , 9 nausea, 3 , 5 , 9 , 11 , 17 vomiting, 3 , 5 , 9 , 11 , 17 pruritus, 5 , 9 , 11 dizziness, 5 constipation, 5 and urinary retention.…”

“…Side effects reported by patients were respiratory depression, 5 , 9 , 17 sedation, 5 , 9 nausea, 3 , 5 , 9 , 11 , 17 vomiting, 3 , 5 , 9 , 11 , 17 pruritus, 5 , 9 , 11 dizziness, 5 constipation, 5 and urinary retention. 3 , 17 No literature was found on how these side effects may affect patients' quality of life.…”

Adverse Events in Children Receiving General Anaesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion

“…Inadequate dosing of analgesics and under management of postoperative pain in children still remains a problem. [12][13][14] Fear of respiratory depression in the postoperative period can result in under dosing of opioids in the intraoperative period. However, it has been recognized that infant and children do perceive pain as an adult and hence, pain in this population should be recognized and treated adequately.…”

Assessment of postoperative pain management practices in Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Senegal: A multi-national survey

“…Physicians have limited access to POP-management training, drugs and technology; nurses are rarely involved in POP management; and patient education regarding POP management is inadequate. 3,9,13 Efforts have been made to address this issue at the international level, particularly by focusing on developing and standardising guidelines and protocols. The American Pain Society, with input from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), the Société Française d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (SFAR) and the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, have produced recommendations, including regular staff training, providing patients with information pre- and post-surgery and regular assessment and standardisation of analgesic treatment protocols.…”