Post‐pollination Phenomena in Orchid Flowers

Arditti, Joseph; Jeffrey, David C.; Flick, Brigitta H.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1971.tb04595.x

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Auxin is reported to play important roles in orchid development ( Arditti et al, 1971 ; Tsavkelova et al, 2007 ; Novak and Whitehouse, 2013 ; Novak et al, 2014 ). However, it is not clear how auxin responses are regulated to coordinate specialized orchid developmental programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Protoplast Transient Expression System to Enable Molecular, Cellular, and Functional Studies in Phalaenopsis orchids

2018

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The enigmatic nature of the specialized developmental programs of orchids has fascinated plant biologists for centuries. The recent releases of orchid genomes indicate that orchids possess new gene families and family expansions and contractions to regulate a diverse suite of developmental processes. However, the extremely long orchid life cycle and lack of molecular toolkit have hampered the advancement of orchid biology research. To overcome the technical difficulties and establish a platform for rapid gene regulation studies, in this study, we developed an efficient protoplast isolation and transient expression system for Phalaenopsis aphrodite. This protocol was successfully applied to protein subcellular localization and protein–protein interaction studies. Moreover, it was confirmed to be useful in delineating the PaE2F/PaDP-dependent cell cycle pathway and studying auxin response. In summary, the established orchid protoplast transient expression system provides a means to functionally characterize orchid genes at the molecular level allowing assessment of transcriptome responses to transgene expression and widening the scope of molecular studies in orchids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Protoplast Transient Expression System to Enable Molecular, Cellular, and Functional Studies in Phalaenopsis orchids

2018

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“…Inhibitors also had no effect, suggesting absence of a role of auxin in Iris tepal senescence. Auxins promoted senescence in carnation petals (Sacalis ) and in tepals of orchids such as Cymbidium (Arditti et al ). These flowers have ethylene‐regulated petal/tepal senescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delay of Iris flower senescence by cytokinins and jasmonates

Doorn

Çelikel

Pak

et al. 2012

Physiologia Plantarum

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It is not known whether tepal senescence in Iris flowers is regulated by hormones. We applied hormones and hormone inhibitors to cut flowers and isolated tepals of Iris × hollandica cv. Blue Magic. Treatments with ethylene or ethylene antagonists indicated lack of ethylene involvement. Auxins or auxin inhibitors also did not change the time to senescence. Abscisic acid (ABA) hastened senescence, but an inhibitor of ABA synthesis (norflurazon) had no effect. Gibberellic acid (GA3 ) slightly delayed senescence in some experiments, but in other experiments it was without effect, and gibberellin inhibitors [ancymidol or 4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyltrimethyl ammonium chloride-1-piperidine carboxylate (AMO-1618)] were ineffective as well. Salicylic acid (SA) also had no effect. Ethylene, auxins, GA3 and SA affected flower opening, therefore did reach the flower cells. Jasmonates delayed senescence by about 2.0 days. Similarly, cytokinins delayed senescence by about 1.5-2.0 days. Antagonists of the phosphatidylinositol signal transduction pathway (lithium), calcium channels (niguldipine and verapamil), calmodulin action [fluphenazine, trifluoroperazine, phenoxybenzamide and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7)] or protein kinase activity [1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine hydrochloride (H-7), N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide hydrochloride (H-8) and N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride (H-9)] had no effect on senescence, indicating no role of a few common signal transduction pathways relating to hormone effects on senescence. The results indicate that tepal senescence in Iris cv. Blue Magic is not regulated by endogenous ethylene, auxin, gibberellins or SA. A role of ABA can at present not be excluded. The data suggest the hypothesis that cytokinins and jasmonates are among the natural regulators.

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that application of NAA to the orchid stigmatic surface mimics the floral senescence response triggered by pollination. [26][27][28] Auxin initiates rapid changes, including elongation of ovary epidermal cells to form trichomes, an increase in ovary diameter, and, depending on the species, initiation of ovule development or maturation of partially developed ovules. 13,14,29 Most of these changes are mediated through auxin-stimulated ethylene production.…”

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confidence: 99%