Post-Socialist Gentrification Processes in Polish Cities

Jakóbczyk-Gryszkiewicz, Jolanta; Sztybel-Boberek, Martyna; Wolaniuk, Anita

doi:10.1515/esrp-2017-0014

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…2002;Hubbard, P. 2008). As for our context, it is important to emphasise that studentification has evolved in postsocialist countries differently from the West because of historical legacies and path dependencies (Grabkowska, M. 2011;Gentile, M. et al 2012;Haase, A. et al 2012;Górczyńska, M. 2014Górczyńska, M. , 2017Jakóbczyk-Gryszkiewicz, J. et al 2014;Bernt, M. et al 2015). Due to the elitist nature of state-socialist policy on higher education the number and relative weight of students remained low in these societies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Studentification, diversity and social cohesion in post-socialist Budapest

et al. 2017

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In the literature studentification is closely associated with gentrification. Many authors consider the mass invasion of students to inner-city neighbourhoods as a type of gentrification, some of them even use the two terms interchangeably. Regardless of theoretical considerations, it seems that there is a consensus on the significance of studentification in contemporary urban transformations. Recent studies demonstrate that the appearance of students as 'transient' inhabitants in inner-city neighbourhoods, accompanied by growing differences in lifestyles and socio-cultural attitudes weakens social cohesion in the affected neighbourhoods Haase, A. et al. 2012). This study focuses on the interplay between studentification, socio-cultural diversity and social cohesion in an inner-city district of Budapest, Józsefváros. The district has been characterised by several waves of urban rehabilitation and subsequent gentrification since the transition of [1989][1990]. Studentification has also become dominant phenomenon in the area due to the settling of new higher education institutions, the concomitant influx of students, as well as low rent and dwelling prices providing a niche for the spontaneous movements of a new generation of urbanites (Grabkowska, M. 2011;Bernt, M. et al. 2015). The main research questions we intend to answer in this paper are as follows. Firstly, what is the relationship between studentification and gentrification in Józsefváros? Secondly, what kinds of effects has the influx of students on the social cohesion of the district? According to our findings, studentification in Józsefváros is not the pioneer phase of gentrification, but -especially in the rehabilitation areas -it runs more or less parallel with it. Most of the students use the place as a springboard in their career, and after graduation most of them leave. The attitude of students is, however, very much resembles those of the young, highly educated newcomers, i.e. early gentrifiers. The impacts of studentification on the social milieu of Józsefváros are contradictory. On the one hand, the inflow of students and young intellectuals increases the socio-cultural diversity of the district, contributing to the recognition of diversity in a post-socialist context, and fostering tolerance and the acceptance of different cultures and lifestyles. On the other hand, it seems that the ongoing population change hampers the establishment of strong social ties at the neighbourhood level and leads to certain conflicts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Studentification, diversity and social cohesion in post-socialist Budapest

et al. 2017

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“…This was also fostered by economic restructuring in the 1990s when the quantity of well-paid jobs in the service sector increased (c14; e.g. Jakóbczyk-Gryszkiewicz et al, 2017; Sýkora, 1993; Velev et al, 2011). Inner-city neighbourhoods with improving residential environments, close proximity to work and cultural and leisure services began to be appreciated by younger and better-off people after 2000 (e.g.…”

Section: Preconditions and Driving Forces Of Gentrification In Post-smentioning

confidence: 99%

The kaleidoscope of gentrification in post-socialist cities

Kubeš

Kovács

2020

Urban Studies

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Countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have transformed from a centrally planned communist system to a market economy and liberal democracy after 1990. The rapidly changing social and power relations have been gradually manifested in the spatial pattern of cities. After the turn of the millennium, a growing number of papers reported that the regeneration of inner-city neighbourhoods intensified, generating population change in certain areas. Authors writing on urban renewal and gentrification in CEE have been inspired by the typology of gentrification elaborated in Western contexts, even though historical legacies and specific local conditions set serious limitations on the use of such concepts. The aim of this paper is to scrutinise the essential features of urban change and gentrification in post-socialist cities, discussing the main pre-conditions for, actors in and the resulting types of this process. Existing literature in the field has been systematically collected, analysed and compared. According to our findings the classic stage model of gentrification cannot be used in post-socialist cities, partly because the process is still in its infancy and partly because several hybrid forms of gentrification-like processes hide the spatial effects of market-based renewal. The variegated forms of urban change are the result of historical legacies, path dependencies and a set of factors embedded in local contexts. The paper highlights some of the research gaps in the field.

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“…These processes are not accompanied by lower-status residents being pushed out by new owners [17]. This is mainly due to lack of interest among private developers and local authorities in Poland, that is, the entities that are responsible for the broadly understood gentrification [18]. The widespread lack of interest amongst local municipal authorities and the transformation of first post-war housing developments may suggest that large housing estates are entering the natural generation turnaround stage and that their potential regeneration does not need to be treated as a priority.…”

Section: Origins Current Status and Future Of Large Housing Estatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of Post-War Housing Estates and the Use of Agent-Based Modelling

Mieszkowski

2019

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Large housing estates are inseparable elements of the landscape of every Central European city and, although the predicted formation of enclaves of poverty and social exclusion has not materialised, their future does not look bright. The first postwar housing estates are inevitably approaching the end of their intended life span and, unfortunately, thus far a method to extensively test and monitor these housing estates has not yet been established. Currently, attention is focused purely on analysing the technical condition of the buildings, while the most important issue, that is, their present and future residents, is ignored. Collecting the necessary data on large residential estates is the first, extremely important step towards understanding the processes taking place in European cities. Thanks to agentbased modelling, which utilises both the decision-making and the uniqueness of individuals and households, a detailed analysis of bottom-up processes that occur naturally in the local community is possible. Using one of the Polish housing estates, Popowice in Wrocław, as an example, available statistical data was systematised and simulations were carried out to predict the natural, spontaneous development of the estate. The simulations reflect the dynamics of the bottom-up processes within the local population that have a direct impact on the scale of migration, as well as the socio-demographic polarization of the local community. Intentionally, the top-down approach has not been implemented in order to allow identification and analysis of self-modifying changes. In this simulation, trends are sought only based on the autonomy of individual people. The need to make a precise diagnosis and establish guidelines for revitalization plays a key role in the management of urban space. Strengthening the desirable, and limiting the negative processes can play a crucial role in the guideline-setting process, ultimately enabling an optimal model for the revitalization of large housing estates to be created.

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Post-Socialist Gentrification Processes in Polish Cities

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Studentification, diversity and social cohesion in post-socialist Budapest

Studentification, diversity and social cohesion in post-socialist Budapest

The kaleidoscope of gentrification in post-socialist cities

Regeneration of Post-War Housing Estates and the Use of Agent-Based Modelling

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