Post-Translational Modifications in Atopic Dermatitis: Current Research and Clinical Relevance

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing cutaneous disorder characterized by compromised immune system, excessive inflammation, and skin barrier disruption. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are covalent and enzymatic modifications of proteins after their translation, which have been reported to play roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases. However, less attention has been paid to the effect of PTMs on AD. This review summarized the knowledge of six major classes (including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, o-glycosylation, and glycation) of PTMs in AD pathogenesis and discussed the opportunities for disease management.

Daphnetin contributes to allergen-induced Th2 cytokine expression and type 2-immune responses in atopic dermatitis and asthma

“…Cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 are synthesized by Th2 cells and are the main contributors to inflammation initiation in asthma. 56 IL-5 is an essential cytokine for eosinophil growth, differentiation, and chemotaxis and plays a vital role in the inflammatory response and airway remodeling during allergic asthma. 57 Although it has a slight effect on mucosal hyperplasia and airway hyperresponsiveness, IL-13 regulates airway hyperresponsiveness, promotes mucosal hyperplasia, and impacts the occurrence and development of allergic asthma.…”