Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders

Primary central nervous system lymphoma of the optic chiasm

“…10 However, one widely recognized treatment of PCNS-PTLD is radiotherapy, with literature reporting 1-year and 5-year patient survival rates of 71% and 37% with radiotherapy, compared with 41% and 28% in a control group. 2,9 Consistent with prior literature, our patient's treatment with rituximab, radiotherapy, and corticosteroids was successful in case 2 (Table 1).…”

“…8 PCNSL due to PTLD is rare, especially in isolation, 9 but often presents in subcortical white matter and basal ganglia of cerebral hemispheres after a median time of 4.4 years after surgery. 2 In case 2, our patient's presentation 2 years after transplantation was atypical compared with the 4.4-year median time frame reported in literature (Table 1).…”

“…PTLD is a common transplant-related neoplasia, second in frequency only to nonmelanoma skin carcinomas. 2 The incidence of PTLD in solid organ transplants ranges between 1 and 16% based on sex, 2 age, organ transplanted, and immunosuppression regimen. 8,9 More than 70% of cases test positive for Epstein-Barr virus.…”

“…Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myeloid neoplasm characterized by persistent monocytosis, macrocytic or normocytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. 2 We report an unusual case of CMML-associated vasculitis mimicking GCA.…”

“…1 PCNSL can also arise from posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), a disorder in patients with secondary immunodeficiency after a solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. 2 PCNSL is characterized by rapid growth usually confined to the CNS and can originate in the brain, leptomeninges, spinal cord, or eyes. Sixtyfive percent of cases present as a solitary supratentorial mass, while 35% of cases present as multiple lesions and regions.…”