Postnatal Growth Patterns in a Chilean Cohort: The Role of SES and Family Environment

BACKGROUND Preventing obesity is a worldwide public health priority. In vulnerable children living in obesogenic environments, with easy access to high-caloric food, alterations in inhibitory control functions might favor excessive food intake and affect energy regulation. We hypothesized that overweight/obese children would present lower inhibitory control in comparison to normal weight children. METHODS We measured inhibitory control functions in 93 otherwise healthy overweight/obese and 92 normal weight 10-year-old children using the Stroop test and the Go/No-Go task. Event-related potentials were recorded during the Go/No-Go task. RESULTS Overweight/obese children showed slower reaction times (1248.6 ms (95% confidence interval (CI): 1182.9–1314.3) vs 1149.0 ms (95% CI: 1083.0–1215.1)) on the Stroop test, higher reaction time variability (0.25 (95% CI: 0.22–0.27) vs 0.21 (95% CI: 0.19–0.24)) on the Go/No-Go task and decreased P300 amplitude (4.1 µV (95% CI: 3.0–5.2) vs 6.4 µV (95% CI: 5.2–7.6)) on event-related potentials compared with normal weight children. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate altered inhibitory control functions in otherwise healthy overweight/obese children, which might contribute to their excessive food consumption.

show abstract

“…Values are expressed as means ± s.d. SES: score <27; 60 ADHD: score >16 for males and >12 for females. 61 Independent sample t -test.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory control in otherwise healthy overweight 10-year-old children

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Suboptimal postnatal growth is also an indicator of early living conditions (Grantham-McGregor et al, 2007; Kang Sim et al, 2012; Osmond, Kajantie, Forsén, Eriksson, & Barker, 2007; Ulijaszek, 2006). Slower postnatal growth may reflect the effects of malnutrition (Becker, Black, & Brown, 1991) and of inflammatory (Marcovecchio, Mohn, Chiarelli, 2012) and infectious (Becker et al, 1991; Checkley et al, 2008) diseases that divert nutrition away from growth.…”

Section: Mechanisms Through Which Physical Growth and Personality May...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slower postnatal growth may reflect the effects of malnutrition (Becker, Black, & Brown, 1991) and of inflammatory (Marcovecchio, Mohn, Chiarelli, 2012) and infectious (Becker et al, 1991; Checkley et al, 2008) diseases that divert nutrition away from growth. It may also reflect the effects of poorer economic circumstances (Grantham-McGregor et al, 2007; Kang Sim et al, 2012) and of suboptimal parenting (Fuemmeler et al, 2012; Kang Sim et al, 2012). Environmental adversities contributing to growth, leading to changes in brain development and thereby influencing personality development can thus offer an additional pathway through which physical growth and personality may be associated.…”

Section: Mechanisms Through Which Physical Growth and Personality May...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of physical growth and personality dimensions of the Five-Factor Model.

Lahti¹,

Räikkönen²,

Lemola³

et al. 2013

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although physical growth in early life is associated with the risk of somatic illnesses and psychological disorders in adulthood, few studies have focused upon the associations between growth and dimensional personality traits. We examined the associations between pre- and postnatal growth in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) and Five-Factor Model dimensions in adulthood. From the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, 1,682 participants completed the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) at an average age of 63 years. Growth estimates were derived based on medical records. Adjusting for gestational length and sociodemographic variables, birth weight showed a quadratic association with neuroticism; participants with low birth weight scored the highest on neuroticism. Larger ponderal index at birth predicted higher agreeableness, while average ponderal index predicted higher conscientiousness. BMI and weight growth trajectories from birth to adulthood were associated with agreeableness and conscientiousness. More specifically, less BMI and weight gain between 7 and 11 years and/or between 11 years and adulthood were associated with higher conscientiousness and higher agreeableness. Height and weight growth trajectories from birth to adulthood were associated with extraversion: faster height and weight growth between birth and 6 months, slower height growth between 7 and 11 years, and faster weight gain between 11 years and adulthood were associated with higher extraversion. Openness to experience was not associated with growth. This longitudinal study supports an association between pre- and postnatal physical growth and 4 of the Five-Factor Model personality dimensions in adulthood.

show abstract

“…All analyses were adjusted for sex, age at the neurocognitive test, physical activity [32] and diet quality assessment [31] scores in adolescents, and socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status was assessed using a modified Graffar Index based on 10 items that included family size and structure, father presence, educational level of the head of the household, and home ownership [33]. The Bonferroni correction for the multiple-comparison method was applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive factors predicting BMI changes from adolescence to young adulthood

Reyes,

Peirano,

Gahagan

et al. 2024

Obesity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess whether inhibitory task performance in adolescence could be prospectively related to weight gain in young adulthood. We proposed that this association would differ according to the BMI group in adolescence.MethodsA total of 318 adolescents performed the anti‐saccade task, and 530 completed the Stroop test. Accuracy and reaction time were assessed for each incentive type (neutral, loss, and reward) in the anti‐saccade task and for each trial type (control and incongruent trials) in the Stroop test. Changes in the BMI z score (∆BMI z score) from adolescence to young adulthood were calculated.ResultsThe relationship between the BMI z score and the anti‐saccade task accuracy showed an effect on the ∆BMI z score (β = −0.002, p < 0.05). The neutral and loss accuracies were related to ∆BMI z score in the groups with overweight (all β = −0.004, p = 0.05) and obesity (β = −0.006 and β = −0.005, p < 0.01). The interaction between adolescents' BMI z score with control (β = −0.312, p < 0.001) and incongruent (β = −0.384, p < 0.001) trial reaction times showed an effect on the ∆BMI z score. Control (β = 0.730, p = 0.036) and incongruent (β = 0.535, p = 0.033) trial reaction times were related to ∆BMI z score in the group with overweight.ConclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis that cognitive vulnerability could predict the BMI gain from adolescence to young adulthood.

show abstract

Postnatal Growth Patterns in a Chilean Cohort: The Role of SES and Family Environment

Cited by 11 publications

References 48 publications

Inhibitory control in otherwise healthy overweight 10-year-old children

Inhibitory control in otherwise healthy overweight 10-year-old children

Trajectories of physical growth and personality dimensions of the Five-Factor Model.

Neurocognitive factors predicting BMI changes from adolescence to young adulthood

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About