Postprandial oxidative stress is modulated by dietary fat in adipose tissue from elderly people

Abstract

We have investigated whether dietary fat modifies the postprandial oxidative stress in adipose tissue of elderly people. Twenty participants received three diets for 4 weeks each: SFA-rich diet, Mediterranean (Med) diet enriched in MUFA with virgin olive oil, and a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet enriched in n-3 PUFA (α-linolenic acid from plant origin) (CHO-PUFA diet). After 12 h of fasting, volunteers received a breakfast reflecting the fatty acid composition of the diet ingested in the preceding dietary period. Med diet induced higher postprandial SOD2 and TrxR mRNA levels, and CHO-PUFA diet induced higher GPx1 and TrxR mRNA levels compared with SFA-rich diet. Med and CHO-PUFA breakfasts induced a postprandial increase in plasma reduced glutathione (GSH), and a greater postprandial GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio compared to the SFArich diet. Our study suggests that the consumption of Med and CHO-PUFA diets may reduce postprandial oxidative stress compared to an SFA-rich diet, which may be due to higher antioxidant enzymes gene expression in adipose tissue.

Dietary fat alters the expression of cortistatin and ghrelin systems in the PBMCs of elderly subjects: Putative implications in the postprandial inflammatory response

“…Specifics regarding participants, recruitment, and study design have been previously described in detail . Briefly, inclusion and exclusion criteria were fulfilled by a total of 20 patients (age ≥ 65 years; ten men and ten women).…”

Cardiovascular risk protection from the Mediterranean diet and olive oil. A transcriptomic update in humans

“…After a breakfast with a similar composition to the final dietary period, samples of adipose tissue and blood (PBMCs) where taken in order to assess the nutrigenomic changes related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response, depending on the dietary fat administered. Meza-Miranda et al, 2014 andCamargo et al, 2012, showed an increase in the postprandial gene expression profile of the antioxidant defense system due to the consumption of TMD and CHO-PUFA diet compared with the SFA-rich diet. Camargo et al, 2012 observed that TMD (MUFA) consumption reduces the expression of several inflammatory genes compared to SFArich (p65 and MCP-1) and CHO-PUFA diets (p65 and TNF-a), increases the expression of the antiinflammatory gene IkBa and decreases the MMP-9 plaque instability marker gene expression.…”

“…Both genes are involved in inflammation processes and their transcriptomic changes might underlie cardio-protective effects due to the intake of VOO and nuts. Meza-Miranda et al, 2014, andCamargo et al, 2012, conducted a crossover postprandial trial in 20 healthy elderly people who followed three diets for 3-week periods each. The diets differed in the fat type; SFA-rich, TMD+VOO (MUFA) and CHO-PUFA.…”

Beyond Diabetes: Does Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress Drive the Aging Process?

“…Oxidative stress associated with obesity originates from many sources; here we briefly discuss the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and increased inflammation. Mitochondrial respiration, through the oxidation of glucose and/or fatty acids, can generate oxidative stress through the byproduct of generation of ATP in an oxygenated environment [ 55 , 56 ]. This process can be exacerbated in obesity due to the higher levels of available mitochondrial substrates, i.e., high glucose and fatty acids.…”