Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in a college population one year after the September 11 attacks: the effect of proximity

Posttraumatic stress symptoms in London school children following September 11, 2001: An exploratory investigation of peri-traumatic reactions and intrusive imagery

“…Several studies in the USA document the effects of September 11 in relation to indirect exposure on adults (e.g. Ahern et al, 2002;Blanchard, Rowell, Kuhn, Rogers, & Wittrock, 2005;DeLisi et al, 2003;Galea et al, 2002;Lawyer et al, 2006;Silver, Holman, McIntosh, Poulin, & Gil-Rivas, 2002) and children (e.g. Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health & New York State Psychiatric Institute, 2002;Duggal, Berezkin, & John, 2002;Gil-Rivas, Holman, & Silver, 2004;Schuster et al, 2001).…”

Mental Health Consequences of September 11: A Five-Year Review of the Behavioral Sciences Literature

“…Levels of depression were not significantly different in the three sites. When the same study was duplicated on an identical population one-year later, proximity to NYC continued to be an important predictor of elevated stress levels (Blanchard et al 2005).…”

Linguistic Predictors of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Following 11 September 2001

“…Similarly, Cardenas, Williams, and Wilson (2003) found elevated levels of PTSD symptoms in college students following 9/11. Blanchard, Rowell and Kuhn (2005) found an increase in PTSD symptoms in college students immediately following 9/11, and a continued increase in PTSD symptoms 1 year later. This study examines the relationship between personal narratives and symptoms of traumatic stress reported by a cohort of undergraduates in the weeks and months following 9/11.…”