Posttraumatic stress disorder, hypnotizability, and imagery

Stutman, Randall K.; Bliss, Eugene L.

doi:10.1176/ajp.142.6.741

Cited by 135 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Only a few studies have assessed the relation between imagery ability and PTSD symptoms. These clinical studies indicated that better imagery capacities coincided with more PTSD symptomatology ( Stutman and Bliss, 1985 ) and more flashbacks and nightmares ( Bryant and Harvey, 1996 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Virtual reality, real emotions: a novel analogue for the assessment of risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder

Dibbets

Schulte-Ostermann

2015

Front. Psychol.

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Most people are exposed to a violent or life-threatening situation during their lives, but only a minority develops post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Experimental studies are necessary to assess risk factors, such as imagery ability, for the development of PTSD. Up to now the trauma film paradigm (TFP) has functioned as an analogue for PTSD. This paradigm is known to induce involuntary intrusions, a core symptom of PTSD. Though useful, the film paradigm has a drawback, the participant remains an “outsider” and does not immerse in the film scenes. The aim of the present study was to develop a fitting virtual reality (VR) analogue for PTSD and to assess risk factors for the development of PTSD-symptoms, such as intrusions. To this end a novel VR paradigm was compared to the traditional TFP. Both the VR and TFP elicited a negative mood and induction-related intrusions. More immersion was observed in the VR paradigm compared to the TFP. The results of the risk factors were mixed; more imagery ability coincided with a higher intrusion frequency, but also with less distressing intrusions. The results, implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Virtual reality, real emotions: a novel analogue for the assessment of risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder

Dibbets

Schulte-Ostermann

2015

Front. Psychol.

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“…Respecto a los trastornos relacionados con el trauma, estudios clínicos han encontrado relaciones positivas entre hipnotizabilidad con estrés agudo (Bryant, Guthrie y Moulds, 2001), estrés postraumático y sintomatología disociativa (Bryant, Guthrie, Moulds, Dixon y Felmingham, 2003;DuHamel, Difede, Foley y Greenleaf, 2002;Frischholz, Lipman, Braun y Sachs, 1992;Putnam, Helmers, Horowitz y Trickett, 1995;Roelofs et al, 2002;Spiegel, Hunt y Dondershine, 1988;Stutman y Bliss, 1985).…”

Section: N F O R M a C I ó N D E L A R T í C U L O Historia Del Artunclassified

Evaluación de la Sugestionabilidad en Trastornos Emocionales. Un Estudio Exploratorio

et al. 2018

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La evaluación de la sugestionabilidad y la hipnotizabilidad se ha establecido como una valiosa línea de investigación. No obstante, la mayor parte de los estudios se han realizado con muestras de población general, siendo los trabajos con muestras clínicas escasos. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido evaluar la sugestionabilidad en una muestra de pacientes (n = 147), mediante la aplicación de un inventario de sugestionabilidad y establecer una comparación con una muestra control (n = 57). Los participantes de la muestra clínica presentaron significativamente una mayor sugestionabilidad, en comparación con los participantes de la muestra control, en la puntuación total y en las escalas de absorción, implicación emocional e influenciabilidad. Al comparar grupos específicos de trastornos mentales con respecto a la muestra control, se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en sugestionabilidad para los pacientes con trastorno de ansiedad social, trastorno de pánico, trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y trastorno de estrés postraumático. Estos resultados tienen importantes implicaciones para la práctica clínica.

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“…Although patients with DID have higher hypnotizability than those with other mental disorders, higher hypnotizability is also found in patients with chronic refractory post-traumatic states in general 54–56. Hence, data are required to determine the degree it represents a diathesis for DID that may reflect part of the biological contribution to the development of the disorder in the presence of other necessary factors.…”

Section: Developmental Traumatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the etiological aspects of dissociative identity disorder: a biopsychosocial perspective

Şar¹,

Dorahy²,

Krüger³

2017

PRBM

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Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a chronic post-traumatic disorder where developmentally stressful events in childhood, including abuse, emotional neglect, disturbed attachment, and boundary violations are central and typical etiological factors. Familial, societal, and cultural factors may give rise to the trauma and/or they may influence the expression of DID. Memory and the construction of self-identity are cognitive processes that appear markedly and centrally disrupted in DID and are related to its etiology. Enduring decoupling of psychological modes may create separate senses of self, and metamemory processes may be involved in interidentity amnesia. Neurobiological differences have been demonstrated between dissociative identities within patients with DID and between patients with DID and controls. Given the current evidence, DID as a diagnostic entity cannot be explained as a phenomenon created by iatrogenic influences, suggestibility, malingering, or social role-taking. On the contrary, DID is an empirically robust chronic psychiatric disorder based on neurobiological, cognitive, and interpersonal non-integration as a response to unbearable stress. While current evidence is sufficient to firmly establish this etiological stance, given the wide opportunities for innovative research, the disorder is still understudied. Comparison of well-selected samples of DID patients with non-dissociative subjects who have other psychiatric disorders would further delineate the neurobiological and cognitive features of the disorder, whereas genetic research on DID would further illuminate the interaction of the individual with environmental stress. As such, DID may be seen as an exemplary disease model of the biopsychosocial paradigm in psychiatry.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder, hypnotizability, and imagery

Cited by 135 publications

References 11 publications

Virtual reality, real emotions: a novel analogue for the assessment of risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder

Virtual reality, real emotions: a novel analogue for the assessment of risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder

Evaluación de la Sugestionabilidad en Trastornos Emocionales. Un Estudio Exploratorio

Revisiting the etiological aspects of dissociative identity disorder: a biopsychosocial perspective

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