Postural and visual loads at VDT workplaces I. Constrained postures

Hünting, W.; Läubli, Thomas; Grandjean, E.

doi:10.1080/00140138108924914

Cited by 253 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The beneficial effect of the use of lower arm support seems to be well documented (1,2,5), although almost no documentation from the «secondary» studies exists. Non-neutral positions of the wrist seems also to be a well documented predictor of symptoms and signs of DULDs (1,2,5,19). This evidence is supported by several laboratory studies by for example Rempel et al (33).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…This was significantly related to subjective reports in one study (1,2), and clinical findings in the other study (5). The latter study found the increased risk especially for ulnar deviation above 20°.…”

Section: Predictor Category B)supporting

confidence: 61%

“…In summary, high response rate (93%), adjustment for confounders in multiple regression models and high external validity due to a variety of jobs under study and recent data collection (possible start of nineties -not specified in the paper) suggest this as a high quality study. (5) found that both data entry workers (n=53) and typewriters (n=78) had significantly increased risk of pain induced by isometric contrac-tions of the forearm (most resemblance with «tendini-tis», eventually epicondylitis) compared to workers with a diversity of office tasks (n=55) or to workers with conversational VDU-tasks (n=109). Ulnar deviation above 20° during keying was a risk factor for arm symptoms and signs.…”

Section: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distal upper limb disorders and ergonomics of VDU work: a review of the epidemiological evidence

Veiersted¹,

Wærsted²

2009

Nor J Epidemiol

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A review is presented of epidemiological peer-reviewed publications that relate the mechanical exposure of the arm in work with visual display units (VDU) to musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb. The twenty included studies were divided into those with (1-7) and without (8-21) use of physical examination in the definition of cases. The main conclusion of this review is the documentation of evidence for the VDU work per se, none or insufficient lower arm support and non-neutral positions of the wrist as predictors of distal upper limb disorders (DULDs). These findings are based solely on studies that use physical examination or objective signs to define the DULDs, and the conclusions are not changed after inclusion of studies based only on self-reported symptoms. When the last category of studies is included as documentation in the review, the amount of VDU work (and an exposuredose/effect relationship) will also be documented as predictors. The referred studies indicated that not only the VDU work per se, but also (and in particular) VDU work for more than 20 hours per week combined with limited opportunity for rest breaks and without lower arm support is a predictor of DULDs. Another conclusion is that critical reviews may benefit from use of both strict criteria and less strict criteria for inclusion of studies, to optimize the conclusions drawn from existing documentation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Predictor Category B)supporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distal upper limb disorders and ergonomics of VDU work: a review of the epidemiological evidence

Veiersted¹,

Wærsted²

2009

Nor J Epidemiol

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“…There is some longitudinal evidence to suggest that low back pain during childhood is a risk factor for low back pain in adulthood (Harreby et al 1995). Whilst computer-related musculoskeletal discomfort is also prevalent higher up in the spinal column and in the upper extremities (Hu¨nting et al 1981, Faucett and Rempel 1994, Bergqvist et al 1995, Sillanpa¨a¨et al 2003, similar principles are likely to apply.…”

Section: Child Computer Use May Impact On Adult Risk/ Computer Usementioning

confidence: 93%

Principles for the wise use of computers by children

2009

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Computer use by children at home and school is now common in many countries. Child computer exposure varies with the type of computer technology available and the child's age, gender and social group. This paper reviews the current exposure data and the evidence for positive and negative effects of computer use by children. Potential positive effects of computer use by children include enhanced cognitive development and school achievement, reduced barriers to social interaction, enhanced fine motor skills and visual processing and effective rehabilitation. Potential negative effects include threats to child safety, inappropriate content, exposure to violence, bullying, Internet 'addiction', displacement of moderate/vigorous physical activity, exposure to junk food advertising, sleep displacement, vision problems and musculoskeletal problems. The case for child specific evidence-based guidelines for wise use of computers is presented based on children using computers differently to adults, being physically, cognitively and socially different to adults, being in a state of change and development and the potential to impact on later adult risk. Progress towards child-specific guidelines is reported. Finally, a set of guideline principles is presented as the basis for more detailed guidelines on the physical, cognitive and social impact of computer use by children. The principles cover computer literacy, technology safety, child safety and privacy and appropriate social, cognitive and physical development. The majority of children in affluent communities now have substantial exposure to computers. This is likely to have significant effects on child physical, cognitive and social development. Ergonomics can provide and promote guidelines for wise use of computers by children and by doing so promote the positive effects and reduce the negative effects of computer-child, and subsequent computer-adult, interaction.

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“…Mouse users are reported to adopt postures of ulnar deviation and wrist extension (Karlqvist et al, 1994(Karlqvist et al, , 1998Fernstrom and Ericson, 1997;Burgess-Limerick et al, 1999), postures documented to be risk factors for distal upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (Hunting et al, 1981;Hagberg et al, 1995).…”

Section: Mouse Usementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of wrist rests and forearm support during keyboard and mouse use

Cook

Burgess-Limerick

Papalia

2004

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

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Supporting the forearm on the work surface during keyboard operation may increase comfort, decrease muscular load of the neck and shoulders, and decrease the time spent in ulnar deviation. Wrist rests are used widely in the workplace and are more commonly being incorporated in keyboard design. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of wrist rest use on wrist posture during forearm support. A laboratory based, experimental study was conducted (subjects n ¼ 15) to examine muscle activity and wrist postures during keyboard and mouse tasks in each of two conditions; wrist rest and no wrist rest. There were no significant differences for right wrist flexion/extension between use of a wrist rest and no wrist rest for keyboard or mouse use. Left wrist extension was significantly higher without a wrist rest than with a wrist rest during keyboard use (df=14; t ¼ 2:95; p ¼ 0:01; d ¼ 0:38). No differences with respect to use of a wrist rest were found for the left or right hand for ulnar deviation for keyboard or mouse use. There were no differences in muscle activity between the test conditions for keyboard use. Relevance to industryWrist rests are used widely in the workplace and are more commonly being incorporated in keyboard design. Use of a wrist rest in conjunction with forearm support when using a conventional desk does not appear to have any impact on wrist posture or muscle activity during keyboard use. r

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Postural and visual loads at VDT workplaces I. Constrained postures

Cited by 253 publications

References 6 publications

Distal upper limb disorders and ergonomics of VDU work: a review of the epidemiological evidence

Distal upper limb disorders and ergonomics of VDU work: a review of the epidemiological evidence

Principles for the wise use of computers by children

The effect of wrist rests and forearm support during keyboard and mouse use

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