Potassium Phosphate Salts-Based Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Applied in the Extraction of Gallic Acid from Guava

Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Based on Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents as a Tool for the Recovery of Non-Protein Bioactive Compounds—A Review

“…This potential is almost always ignored, which includes not verifying the activity or maintaining the properties such as antihyperglycaemic [35], antimicrobial, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity [36], immune-modulating activity, the ability to protect the immune system, reducing the damage from cell oxidation, and reducing cardiovascular complications [8]. Methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol + K 3 PO 4 , K 2 HPO 4 and K 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 [191] Anthocyanins Grape juice (Vitis vinifera) Ethanol + NaH 2 PO 4 or (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 [192] Gallic, vanillic and syringic acids Synthetic IL (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, and Br, dicyanamide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, triflate anions) + Na 2 SO 4 , Na 2 CO 3 [193] Gallic, vanillic and syringic acids Synthetic PEG 200-600 + Na 2 SO 4 + IL (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium cations, and acetate, thiocyanate, tosylate, Cl, dicyanamide anions) [129] α-Cyclohexylmandelic acid enantiomers Synthetic IL (alkylmethylimidazolium cation, and dicyanamide, triflate anions) + (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 HPO 4 [194] Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) IL (alkylmethylimidazolium cation, and dicyanamide, BF 4 anions) + (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 [54] Gallic acid Guava (Psidium guajava) Methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol + K 3 PO 4 , K 2 HPO 4 and K 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 [195] Eugenol and propyl gallate Synthetic IL (alkylmethylimidazolium, 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium, [N 4444 ], 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium cation, and chloride anion) + PEG 1500 or 8000 + K 3 Citrate/Citric acid or K 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 [196] Caffeoylquinic acids Lonicera japonica flowers IL (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide) + K 3 PO 4 , K 2 HPO 4 , KOH, Na 2 CO 3 , [197] Lignans…”

Salt Effect on Ethanol-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems Applied to Alkaloids Partition: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach

“…This concentration corresponds to a 6.16 × 10 –3 mol/L for nicotine and 5.15 × 10 –3 mol/L for caffeine, which were chosen to achieve infinite dilution preserving the LLE behavior. All mixtures were prepared with a 0.0001 g uncertainty in the centrifuge tubes, properly stirred by a vortex mixer (MX-S, Gomixer), and maintained at 298.15 K in a thermostatic bath (Lab Companion, RW-1025G) during 24 h …”

“…This concentration corresponds to a 6.16 × 10 −3 mol/L for nicotine and 5.15 × 10 −3 mol/L for caffeine, which were chosen to achieve infinite dilution preserving the LLE behavior. All mixtures were prepared with a 0.0001 g uncertainty in the centrifuge tubes, properly stirred by a vortex mixer (MX-S, Gomixer), and maintained at 298.15 K in a thermostatic bath (Lab Companion, RW-1025G) during 24 h. 46 The top and bottom phase were properly separated. In sequence alkaloid concentration (z), caffeine or nicotine, in each phase was determined using a UV−vis spectrophotometer (UV-1800, Shimadzu) at 260 and 273 nm, respectively.…”