Potato starch as methane hydrate promoter

Coalbed methane: places of origin, perspectives of extraction, alternative methods of transportation with the use of gas hydrate and nanotechnologies

“…There are several ways to promote gas hydrate formation rate known at present: use of surfactants (Kumar, Bhattacharjee, Kulkarni, & Kumar, 2015), water spraying to increase surface area between phases (Brown, Taylor, & Bernardo, 2010), use of dry water concept (both of speeding the process and transportation) (Wang, Bray, Adams, & Cooper, 2008), hollow silica (Prasad, Sowjanya, & Dhanunjana Chari, 2014), use of copper nano-particles in water (Li, Liang, Guo, Wang, & Fan, 2006), even use of potato starch (Fakharian, Ganji, Naderi Far, & Kameli, 2012).…”

“…Finally, even potato starch can be used to increase the rate of gas hydrate formation compared to usage of just pure water (Fakharian, Ganji, Naderi Far, & Kameli, 2012). According to the authors, the starch in concentrations from 100 to 500 ppm enhances hydrate formation kinetics.…”

Effect of maize starch on methane hydrate formation/dissociation rates and stability

“…Since methane hydrate is non-stoichiometric, higher concentrations of methane close to the structuring cavities decrease the formation of vacant cavities, and hydration number as well. However, some researchers have reported that the phosphate groups in starch molecules they used enhanced the formation of water hydrogen bonding and cage structuring (Fakharian et al, 2012). Fig.…”

“…As the hydrate dissociates, the heat of phase change is absorbed from the environment including the water produced by dissociation. Therefore, a layer of ice covers the hydrate crystals which reduces the rate of further dissociation through the mechanisms of hindering the mass and heat transfer (Fakharian et al, 2012;Stern et al, 2001;Handa, 1986). Fig.…”

“…They reported the optimum concentration of 500 ppm for hydrate formation. Fakharian et al (2012) reported a significant effect of the potato starch on methane hydrate formation and the maximum capacity of 163 volume per volume at 300 ppm concentration of the potato starch.…”