Potency of BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 vaccine‐induced neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐CoV‐2 variants of concern: A systematic review of in vitro studies

Noori, Maryam; Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria; Arshi, Shahnam; Carson‐Chahhoud, Kristin; Ansarin, Khalil; Kolahi, Ali‐Asghar; Safiri, Saeid

doi:10.1002/rmv.2277

Cited by 65 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(212 reference statements)

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“…Emerging viral variants may need higher antibody levels for the same level of neutralising activity 17 ; a sensitivity analysis therefore assumed 2-to 5-fold greater levels would be required, and compared three populations in order of vulnerability: 40-year-old females without long-term health conditions, 60-year-old males without long-term health conditions, and 80-year-old males with long-term health conditions. If 5-fold higher antibody levels were required, for a 40-year-old female without long-term health conditions or prior infection, the estimated time from second dose to 42 versus 42*5=210 ng/ml reduced from 250 to 50 days with ChAdOx1 and from 600 to 300 days with BNT162b2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody responses after second dose of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 and correlates of protection in the UK general population

Wei

Pouwels

Stoesser

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We investigated anti-spike IgG antibody responses following second doses of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the UK general population. In 186,527 individuals, we found significant boosting of anti-spike IgG by second doses of both vaccines in all ages and using different dosing intervals, including the 3-week interval for BNT162b2. After second vaccination, BNT162b2 generated higher peak levels than ChAdOX1. Antibody levels declined faster at older ages than younger ages with BNT162b2, but were similar across ages with ChAdOX1. With both vaccines, prior infection significantly increased antibody peak level and half-life. Protection was estimated to last for 0.5-1 year after ChAdOx1 and >1 year after BNT162b2, but could be reduced against emerging variants. Reducing the dosing interval to 8 weeks for both vaccines or further to 3 weeks for BNT162b2 may help increase short-term protection against the Delta variant. A third booster dose may be needed, prioritised to more vulnerable people.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody responses after second dose of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 and correlates of protection in the UK general population

Wei

Pouwels

Stoesser

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In the literature, PBNA has been shown to correlate well with other assays measuring the neutralization antibodies, including the plaque reduction neutralization test [33], the microneutralization assay, and the ELISA assay [34]. Reports of neutralizing antibody levels in vaccinated individuals [7,[35][36][37][38] and their effectiveness against various variants are emerging [39]. Recent data [35] suggests that there might be a time-dependent improvement in the neutralizing efficacy of antibodies against variants, which might be due to the expansion and evolution of antibodies in the germinal centers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudoviruses: A Useful Tool to Study Virus Entry and Address Emerging Neutralization Escape Phenotypes

et al. 2021

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SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants are emerging around the globe. Unfortunately, several SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially variants of concern (VOCs), are less susceptible to neutralization by the convalescent and post-vaccination sera, raising concerns of increased disease transmissibility and severity. Recent data suggests that SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels are a reliable correlate of vaccine-mediated protection. However, currently used BSL3-based virus micro-neutralization (MN) assays are more laborious, time-consuming, and expensive, underscoring the need for BSL2-based, cost-effective neutralization assays against SARS-CoV-2 variants. In light of this unmet need, we have developed a BSL-2 pseudovirus-based neutralization assay (PBNA) in cells expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The assay is reproducible (R2 = 0.96), demonstrates a good dynamic range and high sensitivity. Our data suggest that the biological Anti-SARS-CoV-2 research reagents such as NIBSC 20/130 show lower neutralization against B.1.351 SA (South Africa) and B.1.1.7 UK (United Kingdom) VOC, whereas a commercially available monoclonal antibody MM43 retains activity against both these variants. SARS-CoV-2 spike PBNAs for VOCs would be useful tools to measure the neutralization ability of candidate vaccines in both preclinical models and clinical trials and would further help develop effective prophylactic countermeasures against emerging neutralization escape phenotypes.

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“…More limited real-world effectiveness data is available for the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine 2-4 . Continued emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants potentially threatens the success of vaccination programs, particularly as in vitro experiments suggest reduced neutralisation activity of vaccine-elicited antibodies against emerging variants 5,6 . Of particular concern is the Delta variant (B.1.617.2), which has caused sharp rises in infections in many countries, including some with relatively high vaccination coverage such as the UK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Delta on viral burden and vaccine effectiveness against new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UK

Pouwels

Pritchard

Matthews

et al. 2021

Preprint

116

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The effectiveness of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273 vaccines against new SARS-CoV-2 infections requires continuous re-evaluation, given the increasingly dominant Delta variant. We investigated the effectiveness of the vaccines in a large community-based survey of randomly selected households across the UK. We found that the effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAd0x1 against any infections (new PCR positives) and infections with symptoms or high viral burden is reduced with the Delta variant. A single dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine had similar or greater effectiveness compared to a single dose of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1. Effectiveness of two doses remains at least as great as protection afforded by prior natural infection. The dynamics of immunity following second doses differed significantly between BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1, with greater initial effectiveness against new PCR-positives but faster declines in protection against high viral burden and symptomatic infection with BNT162b2. There was no evidence that effectiveness varied by dosing interval, but protection was higher among those vaccinated following a prior infection and younger adults. With Delta, infections occurring following two vaccinations had similar peak viral burden to those in unvaccinated individuals. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination still reduces new infections, but effectiveness and attenuation of peak viral burden are reduced with Delta.

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Potency of BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 vaccine‐induced neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐CoV‐2 variants of concern: A systematic review of in vitro studies

Cited by 65 publications

References 123 publications

SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody responses after second dose of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 and correlates of protection in the UK general population

SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody responses after second dose of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 and correlates of protection in the UK general population

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudoviruses: A Useful Tool to Study Virus Entry and Address Emerging Neutralization Escape Phenotypes

Impact of Delta on viral burden and vaccine effectiveness against new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UK

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