Potential ameliorative effect of Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats

Abstract

AIM: The present study explored Cynodon dactylon hydro-ethanolic extract (CDE) effect on scopolamine-induced amnesic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C. dactylon extract was subjected to antioxidant (DPPH and H2O2) and acetylcholinesterase enzyme tests by in vitro methods. Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p) was administered to rats except for normal control. Donepezil (3 mg/kg, p.o), CDE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg p.o) were administered to treatment groups. Behavioral paradigm: Morris water maze (MWM), elevated plus maze (EPM), and passive avoidance test (PAT) were conducted. Later, rats were sacrificed and brain homogenate was tested for levels of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione, and lipid peroxidase. Histopathology examination of cortex and hippocampus of all the groups was done. STATISTICAL METHOD: The statistical methods used were ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS: CDE antioxidant activity was demonstrated by decreasing DPPH and H2O2 levels confirmed through in vitro analysis. Treatment group rats reversed scopolamine induced amnesia by improvement in spatial memory, decreased transfer latency and increased step through latency significantly (P<0.001) in behavior models such as morris water maze, elevated plus maze and passive avoidance task respectively. CDE modulated acetylcholine transmission by decreased acetylcholinesterase enzyme level (P < 0.001) and scavenging scopolamine-induced oxidative stress by increased reduced glutathione levels and decreased lipid peroxidation levels in the rat brain. CDE and donepezil-treated rats showed mild neurodegeneration in comparison to scopolamine-induced severe neuronal damage on histopathology examination. CONCLUSION: C. dactylon extract provides evidence of anti-amnesic activity by the mechanism of decreased acetylcholinesterase enzyme level and increased antioxidant levels in scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats.

The Potential Neuroprotective Effect of Cyperus esculentus L. Extract in Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats: Extensive Biological and Metabolomics Approaches

“…Donepezil succeeded in decreasing hippocampal MDA and in increasing hippocampal GSH, SOD and CAT activity, indicating an increase in antioxidant defenses in the brain. These outcomes were apparently relevant with previous studies [ 73 , 74 ]. However, TN did not enhance antioxidant activity in all its measured parameters, where only TN (200 mg/kg) decreased the elevated hippocampal MDA, while TN (100 and 200 mg/kg) elevated the SOD and CAT activity only.…”

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Cynodon Dactylon (Doob Grass) on Normal and Impaired Memory in Mice

“…Furthermore, memory impairment in the scopolamine-induced animal model is associated with increased oxidative stress. Another mechanism contributing to the improvement in the performance of memory due to C. dactylon aqueous extract administration may be due to the presence of antioxidant compounds, it decreased lipid peroxidation and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity [10,22].…”

“…[9]. Little information is available regarding the effect of C. dactylon on memory [10]. No information is available regarding the study of effect of aqueous extract of C. dactylon (AECD) on normal and impaired memory.…”

Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Challenges, Future Directions and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Neuroprotection

“…An interesting study used SIP3, a mixture of Santalum album , Illicium verum , and Polygala tenuifolia , and donepezil combinations, and the results showed improved memory and depression in a mouse model of AD as well as in vitro [ 109 ]. Pretreatment with quercetin significantly potentiated the efficacy of donepezil, evidenced through the improved cognitive memory in scopolamine-induced amnesia rats, which could have been due to the reduced levels of AChE and Aβ1–42 as well as elevated glutathione level, decreased lipid peroxidation, and reversal of neuronal damage in the treated groups [ 110 ]. Earlier, Stephaniae tetrandrae radix (STR), a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, was widely used in the treatment of rheumatism, edema, and dysuria.…”