Potential and Simulation of Optimization Design for Ozonation Process on Commercial Sterility Level of Coconut Water Product: A Review

Abstract

IntroductionCoconut water is a pure drink made from coconuts consumed widely by the public because it is a very popular fresh drink. The distinctive coconut aroma, sweet taste, high functional value, and health protection properties have become a strong attraction for consuming fresh coconut water. Mahayothee et al. reported that coconut water contains 5-9% total dissolved solids, in which simple sugars dominate more than 80% of the total dissolved solids. 1 These sugars include 1.4% fructose, 1.36% glucose, and 0.06% sucrose. 2 Other important ingredients are minerals, amino acids, enzymes, organic acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and several phenolic components. The amount of minerals from these components is the most dominant, with a proportion of 0.4-1% of the total components that comprise other coconut water. 2 The most dominant mineral from coconut water is potassium, while other components including sodium, calcium, chlorine, magnesium, and phosphorus have also been reported to be present in coconut water. The composition of the minerals in coconut water can create the same osmotic pressure as in blood, so coconut water can be called an electrolyte fluid. 3