Potential Anthropogenic Pollution by Eu as well as Gd Observed in River Water around Urban Area

Itoh, Akihide; Kodani, Tetsuo; Ono, Masato; Nakano, Kazuhiko; Kunieda, Takumi; Tsuchida, Yuto; Kaneshima, Kimika; Zhu, Yanbei; Fujimori, Eiji

doi:10.1246/cl.170405

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The positive Eu anomalies in the three streams may also have been due to an anthropogenic source. Itoh et al [15] reported the positive anomalies of Eu in the Sakai River, Japan and the source of Eu was not found (a “potential” anthropogenic source). However, there was no obvious source of Eu in the study areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positive Gd anomalies are considered to be present in densely populated, industrial, and medically developed areas [11,15,17,54,55]. As previously noted, the Youyu and Baiyan are surrounded by villages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, with the explosive demand for REEs, the enrichment of REEs in the environment and their possible health risks to humans have resulted in substantial concerns [8,9,10]. Following anthropogenic gadolinium (Gd), the anomalies of lanthanum (La), samarium (Sm), and europium (Eu) in aquatic systems have been reported [10,11,12,13,14,15]. Notably, anthropogenic REEs have been considered micropollutants in the water [13,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropogenic Rare Earth Elements: Gadolinium in a Small Catchment in Guizhou Province, Southwest China

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Rare earth elements (REEs), known as “industrial vitamins”, are widely used in medical treatment, industry, agriculture, etc. However, with the increasing demand for REEs, excess REEs, such as gadolinium (Gd), are considered micropollutants in the environment. In this paper, the distributions of dissolved REEs were analyzed in three small streams, in order to determine the extent and occurrence of Gd anomalies. The shale-normalized REE patterns in the three streams were less smooth with heavy REEs higher than light REEs, for a weak reaction of the heavy REE complexes. A negative Ce (cerium) anomaly and positive samarium (Sm) and europium (Eu) anomalies were observed in the three streams and the negative Ce anomaly was affected by the pH of the alkaline rivers. However, a positive Gd anomaly was found in only a typical urban small stream, Jinzhong. With a population of approximately 60,000, Jinzhong runs by a hospital and through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The concentrations of Gd in Jinzhong ranged from 1.54 to 86.65 ng/L with high anthropogenic Gd proportions (63.64%–98.07%). Anthropogenic Gd showed significant seasonal variations and distinct spatial disparities from upstream to downstream, and it was associated with certain ions such as Cl−. Anthropogenic Gd could be attributed to gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA), which is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hospitals. This type of Gd was shown to be correlated with municipal wastewater. Due to the high stability and low particulate reactivity in water, anthropogenic Gd has great potential to serve as a tracer to prove the presence of medical wastewater.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropogenic Rare Earth Elements: Gadolinium in a Small Catchment in Guizhou Province, Southwest China

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…The chelating resin preconcentration method has excellent analytical features of nonselective multielement determination for many trace elements in seawater, along with efficient removal of matrix elements such as Na, K, Ca, and Mg [ 5 – 10 ]. However, it is found that the chelating resin provided poor recoveries for some oxoanion-forming elements, such as As, Se, and Cr, which are toxic and important in environmental sciences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Cr, As, Se, and Other Trace Metal Elements in Seawater by ICP-MS with Hybrid Simultaneous Preconcentration Combining Iron Hydroxide Coprecipitation and Solid Phase Extraction Using Chelating Resin

Itoh

Ono²,

Suzuki

et al. 2018

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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In the present study, ICP-MS with a new hybrid simultaneous preconcentration combining solid phase extraction using chelating resin and iron hydroxide coprecipitation in one batch at a single pH adjustment (pH 6.0) were developed for multielement determination of trace metal ions in seawater. In multielement determination, the present method makes it possible to determine Cr(III), As(V), Se (IV), and other 14 trace metal elements (Ti, V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Ge, Cd, Sb, Sn, W, Pb, and U) in seawater. Moreover, for speciation analyses of Cr, As, and Se, the pH dependence on recovery for the different chemical forms of Cr, As, and Se was investigated. In speciation analyses, Cr, As, and Se were determined as the total of Cr (III) and a part of Cr (VI), total of As (III) and As (V), and Se(IV), respectively. Determination of total of Se and Cr(VI) remains as future task to improve. Nevertheless, the present method would have possibility to develop as the analytical method to determine comprehensively most metal elements in all standard and guideline values in quality standard in environmental water in Japan, that is, most toxic metal elements in environmental water.

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“…In addition, the Gd anomalies in the REE patterns were observed in tap water sampled in Berlin along the Havel River and other German cities along the Rhine River as well as in the environmental water.107 The anthropogenic Gd was also found in tap water and tap water-based beverages from fast-food franchises in six major Germany cities 108. In recent years, the positive concentration anomalies of La, Sm, Ce, Eu as well as Gd have been reported 109,112. The occurrence of a positive Ce anomaly is influenced by its redox state in the environmental water; therefore, it is not necessarily caused by anthropogenic micro-contamination.…”

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confidence: 99%

Potential Anthropogenic Pollution of High-technology Metals with a Focus on Rare Earth Elements in Environmental Water

2020

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Potential Anthropogenic Pollution by Eu as well as Gd Observed in River Water around Urban Area

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Anthropogenic Rare Earth Elements: Gadolinium in a Small Catchment in Guizhou Province, Southwest China

Anthropogenic Rare Earth Elements: Gadolinium in a Small Catchment in Guizhou Province, Southwest China

Simultaneous Determination of Cr, As, Se, and Other Trace Metal Elements in Seawater by ICP-MS with Hybrid Simultaneous Preconcentration Combining Iron Hydroxide Coprecipitation and Solid Phase Extraction Using Chelating Resin

Potential Anthropogenic Pollution of High-technology Metals with a Focus on Rare Earth Elements in Environmental Water

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