Potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from Bacillus subtilis isolated from a housefly

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis, a probiotic, has been applied in the medical, food, and feed industries among others. However, the mechanisms of its benefits to hosts are not yet fully understood. Here the characterization and bioactivities of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) from Bacillus subtilis were investigated to reveal its partial mechanisms and provide the theoretical basics for further development and utilization of Bacillus subtilis. In this study, the novel strain Bacillus subtilis xztubd1 (GenBank: MG458322.1) was isolated from a housefly’s body, identified according to phenotypical and genotypical analyses, and found to produce large amounts of an EPS. Through ultraviolet spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR spectroscopy), the EPS was found to contain a variety of chemical functional groups, such as O–H groups, C=C, C=O, CH3, C–O–H and C–O–C bonds, and alpha-type pyranose. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the EPS on DPPH radicals at a concentration of 90 μg/ml was 62%; on the superoxide radical at a concentration of 90 μg/ml, this value was 75%; and on hydroxyl radicals at a concentration of 90 μg/ml, the activity was 54%. EPS also enhanced significantly phagocytosis, lysozyme activity in macrophages, IL-2 content in mice and inhibited dramatically the growth of HeLa cells. These results showed that the EPS with reductive groups have the strong capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), reinforce the immune system and inhibit the growth of cancer cell, which helps theirs hosts defence against many diseases, including inflammation and cancer. The EPS from Bacillus subtilis has the potential to be an anticancer and anti-inflammatory drug candidate in the pharmaceutical industries, which provide scientific evidence for the development and utilization of probiotic-derived medicines.

Apoptosis induction in cancer cell lines and anti-inflammatory and anti-pathogenic properties of proteinaceous metabolites secreted from potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis KUMS-T48

“…Previous studies implies that various bacteria may have potential to be used as anti-inflammatory agents 51 . Probiotic lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and E. faecium have been linked to anti-inflammatory effects in the past 52 , 53 .…”

Exopolysaccharide from the mice ovarian bacterium Bacillus velezensis OM03 triggers caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells

“…The biotechnological benefits of microbial polysaccharides include a quick fermentation process, form stable emulsions, often exhibit effective anti-cancer characteristics with fewer side effects. The EPS derived from Bacillus subtilis xztubd1 isolated from house fly showed antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells (Zhang and Yi, 2022). The antiproliferative effects of EPS can be attributed to its heterogeneous monosaccharide composition and sulfur and uronic acids they contain (Angelin and Kavitha, 2020).…”

Antimicrobial Potential of the Genera Geobacillus and Parageobacillus, as Well as Endolysins Biosynthesized by Their Bacteriophages

“…Their closest evolutionary relatives are bacteria of the genus Bacillus , exemplified by Bacillus subtilis ( B. subtilis ) [ 1 ]. B. subtilis strains and other species from the genus Bacillus are well known for their probiotic properties and production of various antimicrobial compounds [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”