Abstract:Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, continued use of these inhibitors has contributed to the increase in clinical resistance and the persistence of resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs). So, there is an urgent need to introduce additional targeted and selective therapies to eradicate quiescent LSCs, and to avoid the relapse and disease progression. Here, we focused on emerging BCR-ABL targeted and non-BCR-ABL targeted drug… Show more
“…Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib are approved drugs used for CML patients. Despite the presence of new therapies for CML, TKIs are still the conventional therapy for CML [15]. It was thought that these TKIs (imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib) [16] might have a protective effect on CML patients against developing worse outcomes [16,17].…”
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the viral agent responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019. The disease is primarily a respiratory illness; however, multisystem involvement is not uncommon. The infection is reported to be more severe in patients with multiple comorbidities and immunocompromised patients. Patients with hematological malignancies are immunocompromised and prone to develop severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 had developed several mutations that resulted in different strains with different virulence and different degree of protection by vaccination or prior infection. The Omicron variant is reported to cause mild illness; however, the effect on patients with hematological malignancies like myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is not clear. We present patients with MPNs who had infection with the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 and their outcomes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Retrospective data from the National Center for Cancer Care and Research records from December 20, 2021, to January 30, 2022. Participants were adults over the age of 18 years with Omicron infection who had been diagnosed with Philadelphia-negative MPNs, essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis according to the 2008/2016 WHO classification for MPN. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-two patients with Philadelphia-negative MPN had Omicron infection. All patients had a mild disease according to the WHO classification of COVID-19 severity. Most of the patients had medical comorbidities, with hypertension being the most common comorbidity. However, only one patient with PV required hospitalization. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusions:</i></b> In patients with Philadelphia-negative MPN, the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 usually results in mild infection.
“…Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib are approved drugs used for CML patients. Despite the presence of new therapies for CML, TKIs are still the conventional therapy for CML [15]. It was thought that these TKIs (imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib) [16] might have a protective effect on CML patients against developing worse outcomes [16,17].…”
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the viral agent responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019. The disease is primarily a respiratory illness; however, multisystem involvement is not uncommon. The infection is reported to be more severe in patients with multiple comorbidities and immunocompromised patients. Patients with hematological malignancies are immunocompromised and prone to develop severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 had developed several mutations that resulted in different strains with different virulence and different degree of protection by vaccination or prior infection. The Omicron variant is reported to cause mild illness; however, the effect on patients with hematological malignancies like myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is not clear. We present patients with MPNs who had infection with the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 and their outcomes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Retrospective data from the National Center for Cancer Care and Research records from December 20, 2021, to January 30, 2022. Participants were adults over the age of 18 years with Omicron infection who had been diagnosed with Philadelphia-negative MPNs, essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis according to the 2008/2016 WHO classification for MPN. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-two patients with Philadelphia-negative MPN had Omicron infection. All patients had a mild disease according to the WHO classification of COVID-19 severity. Most of the patients had medical comorbidities, with hypertension being the most common comorbidity. However, only one patient with PV required hospitalization. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusions:</i></b> In patients with Philadelphia-negative MPN, the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 usually results in mild infection.
“…Exosome content is dependent on cell of origin. As exosomes can travel short and long distances to reach their target cells, their cargo can be taken up to exert biological functions both locally (within the TME) and distantly (promotion of distant metastases) [ 18 ]. Consequently, exosomes act as mediators of oncogenic processes by potentiating cell–cell communication locally, and oncogenic processes distantly via establishing distant metastatic niches.…”
Section: Role Of Exosomesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3 [ 55 ]. OVs are human and non-human, genetic modification is required for human viruses to improve specificity and safety, while it is required for both to improve efficacy [ 18 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Oncolytic Virus Therapymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In therapy, exosomes act as effective delivery systems for si-RNAs and miRNAs because they can store RNA without degradation, maintain its stability in blood, cross blood–brain barrier and overcome off-target effects [ 20 ]. Exosomes can improve chemotherapy effectiveness through improving chemotherapy drug bioavailability, stability, limited crossing biological barriers’ ability and can overcome drug resistance [ 18 ]. For example, when exosomes expressing Interleukin 3 were loaded with either Imatinib or BCR-ABL siRNA, they inhibited chronic myeloid leukemia cells’ growth in vitro and in vivo [ 18 , 23 ].…”
Cancer is a major health problem as it is the first or second leading cause of death worldwide. The global cancer burden is expected to rise 47% relative to 2020 cancer incidence. Recently, the fields of neuroscience, neuroimmunology and oncology have elaborated the neuroimmune crosstalk role in tumor initiation, invasion, progression, and metastases. The nervous system exerts a broad impact on the tumor microenvironment by interacting with a complex network of cells such as stromal, endothelial, malignant cells and immune cells. This communication modulates cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis, induce resistance to apoptosis and promote immune evasion. This paper has two aims, the first aim is to explain neuroimmune crosstalk in cancer, tumor innervation origin and peripheral nervous system, exosomes, and miRNA roles. The second aim is to elaborate neuroimmune crosstalk impact on cancer therapy and research highlighting various potential novel strategies such as use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-neurogenic drugs as single agents, drug repurposing, miRNA-based and si-RNA-based therapies, tumor denervation, cellular therapies, and oncolytic virus therapy.
“…Over the years, hundreds of marine microalgae, which constitute a significant portion of marine biomass, have been described worldwide. Although several microalgae are known as promising sources of beneficial bioactive compounds, such as anti-cancer and antioxidant agents [ 1 , 2 ], less than 2% of them have been classified as harmful or toxic species [ 3 ]. The blooming of dominant algae species at relatively high cell density results in a phenomenon called “red tides”.…”
Most marine phytoplankton with relatively high ROS generation rates are categorized as harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming species, among which Chattonella genera is the highest ROS-producing phytoplankton. In this review, we examined marine microalgae with ROS-producing activities, with focus on Chattonella genera. Several studies suggest that Chattonella produces superoxide via the activities of an enzyme similar to NADPH oxidase located on glycocalyx, a cell surface structure, while hydrogen peroxide is generated inside the cell by different pathways. Additionally, hydroxyl radical has been detected in Chattonella cell suspension. By the physical stimulation, such as passing through between the gill lamellas of fish, the glycocalyx is easily discharged from the flagellate cells and attached on the gill surface, where ROS are continuously produced, which might cause gill tissue damage and fish death. Comparative studies using several strains of Chattonella showed that ROS production rate and ichthyotoxicity of Chattonella is well correlated. Furthermore, significant levels of ROS have been reported in other raphidophytes and dinoflagellates, such as Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Karenia mikimotoi. Chattonella is the most extensively studied phytoplankton in terms of ROS production and its biological functions. Therefore, this review examined the potential ecophysiological roles of extracellular ROS production by marine microalgae in aquatic environment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
