Potential effects of RFID systems on biotechnology insulin preparation: A study using HPLC and NMR spectroscopy

Abstract

The item-level traceability is a very important requirement for many practical application scenarios, where it needs to guarantee perfect transparency for products flow along the whole supply chain. Among these, the pharmaceutical distribution is a very interesting scenario, characterized by many challenges, where, the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology will play a very important role. Unfortunately, there are still some technical barriers that are retarding the deployment of these innovative technologies in large-scale. For the pharmaceutical supply chain, there have been concerns raised regarding the potential effects on the quality of drugs due to electromagnetic fields exposure. This work aimed to evaluate potential effects of tracing RFID systems on the molecular structure of biological drugs. In particular, some samples of a commercial human insulin preparation have been exposed for different periods to electromagnetic fields generated by RFID devices. In order to evaluate possible alterations on the molecular structure, the following diagnostic techniques were used: High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). HPLC analysis demonstrated that there isare no differences between the RFID exposed samples and the control. On the contrary, a first and partial NMR analysis detected some changes on the insulin molecule spectra after one hour of exposition to the electromagnetic field.Unfortunately, this approach did not allow us to verify possible damages on the protein because of presence of expicients and low drug concentration. Further investigations, e.g. in vitro functional analysis, are required.

Low-energy Bluetooth for Detecting Real-world Penetrance of Bystander Naloxone Kits: A Pilot Study

“…Studies exposing radiofrequency identification (RFID) systems, a similar technology to BLE but employing slightly different frequencies, have shown no alteration in the stereochemistry or molecular composition of xenobiotics. [ 1 , 2 ] Additionally, RFID is increasingly utilized in pharmaceutical manufacturing, underscoring the safety of using this technology near xenobiotics. [ 7 ]…”

Ingestible Biosensors for Real-Time Medical Adherence Monitoring: MyTMed

“…A theoretical concern that radiofrequencies may alter the chemical structure or alter the chiral composition of medications has remained unfounded. [14] Studies applying radiofrequency waves to insulin and chemotherapeutics have shown no effect in structural composition. [15, 16]…”

Utilizing an Ingestible Biosensor to Assess Real-Time Medication Adherence

“…A gelatin capsule can act as a barrier, preventing access to the gastric environment that dissolves and releases the drug. Activation of the RFID tag emits an ultra high-frequency (UHF) signal that may alter the molecular structure of drugs [26]. Several lines of evidence suggest that an RFID-tagged gelatin capsule overlying a medication will not alter the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, or structure of that drug.…”